Bill Text: IL HB4809 | 2017-2018 | 100th General Assembly | Introduced
Bill Title: Amends the Election Code. Provides for various changes concerning requirements for petitions for proposed constitutional amendments. Provides requirements for petition sheets for proposed constitutional amendments. Provides for the design of a standard and scientific random sampling method for the verification of petition signatures for proposed constitutional amendments, and for the adoption of rules of procedure for the petition filing process. Modifies the requirements following completion of the petition signature verification process. Provides that each political party and civic organization as well as the registered proponents and opponents of a proposed constitutional amendment shall be entitled to observe the conduct of the sample signature verification and participate in any related proceedings. Modifies the duties of the State Board of Elections concerning petitions for proposed constitutional amendments. Makes conforming and other changes. Effective immediately.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 1-0)
Status: (Failed) 2019-01-08 - Session Sine Die [HB4809 Detail]
Download: Illinois-2017-HB4809-Introduced.html
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1 | AN ACT concerning elections.
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2 | Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
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3 | represented in the General Assembly:
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4 | Section 5. The Election Code is amended by changing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Sections 10-10, 28-9, 28-11, 28-12, and 28-13 as follows:
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6 | (10 ILCS 5/10-10) (from Ch. 46, par. 10-10)
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7 | Sec. 10-10. Within 24 hours after the receipt of the | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | certificate of
nomination or nomination papers or proposed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | question of public
policy, as the case may be, and the | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | objector's petition, the chairman
of the electoral board other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | than the State Board of Elections shall
send a call by | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | registered or certified mail to each of the members of the
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13 | electoral board, and to the objector who filed the objector's | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | petition, and
either to the candidate whose certificate of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | nomination or nomination
papers are objected to or to the | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | principal proponent or attorney for
proponents of a question of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | public policy, as the case may be, whose
petitions are objected | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | to, and shall also cause the sheriff of the county
or counties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | in which such officers and persons reside to serve a copy of
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20 | such call upon each of such officers and persons, which call | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | shall set out
the fact that the electoral board is required to | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | meet to hear and pass upon
the objections to nominations made | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | for the office, designating it, and
shall state the day, hour |
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1 | and place at which the electoral board shall meet
for the | ||||||
2 | purpose, which place shall be in the
county court house in the | ||||||
3 | county in the case of the County Officers
Electoral Board, the | ||||||
4 | Municipal Officers Electoral Board, the Township
Officers | ||||||
5 | Electoral Board or the Education Officers Electoral Board, | ||||||
6 | except that the Municipal Officers Electoral Board, the | ||||||
7 | Township Officers Electoral Board, and the Education Officers | ||||||
8 | Electoral Board may meet at the location where the governing | ||||||
9 | body of the municipality, township, or community college | ||||||
10 | district, respectively, holds its regularly scheduled | ||||||
11 | meetings, if that location is available; provided that voter | ||||||
12 | records may be removed from the offices of an election | ||||||
13 | authority only at the discretion and under the supervision of | ||||||
14 | the election authority.
In
those cases where the State Board of | ||||||
15 | Elections is the electoral board
designated under Section 10-9, | ||||||
16 | the chairman of the State Board of Elections
shall, within 24 | ||||||
17 | hours after the receipt of the certificate of nomination
or | ||||||
18 | nomination papers or petitions for a proposed amendment to | ||||||
19 | Article IV of
the Constitution or proposed statewide question | ||||||
20 | of public policy, send a
call by registered or certified mail | ||||||
21 | to the objector who files the
objector's petition, and either | ||||||
22 | to the candidate whose certificate of
nomination or nomination | ||||||
23 | papers are objected to or to the principal
proponent or | ||||||
24 | attorney for proponents of the proposed Constitutional
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25 | amendment or statewide question of public policy and shall | ||||||
26 | state the day,
hour, and place at which the electoral board |
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1 | shall meet for the purpose,
which place may be in the Capitol | ||||||
2 | Building or in the principal or permanent
branch office of the | ||||||
3 | State Board. The day of the meeting shall not be less
than 3 | ||||||
4 | nor more than 5 days after the receipt of the certificate of
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5 | nomination or nomination papers and the objector's petition by | ||||||
6 | the chairman
of the electoral board.
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7 | The electoral board shall have the power to administer | ||||||
8 | oaths and to
subpoena and examine witnesses and, at the request | ||||||
9 | of either party and only upon a vote by a majority of its | ||||||
10 | members, may authorize the
chairman to issue subpoenas | ||||||
11 | requiring the attendance of witnesses and
subpoenas duces tecum | ||||||
12 | requiring the production of such books, papers,
records and | ||||||
13 | documents as may be evidence of any matter under inquiry
before | ||||||
14 | the electoral board, in the same manner as witnesses are
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15 | subpoenaed in the Circuit Court.
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16 | Service of such subpoenas shall be made by any sheriff or | ||||||
17 | other
person in the same manner as in cases in such court and | ||||||
18 | the fees of such
sheriff shall be the same as is provided by | ||||||
19 | law, and shall be paid by
the objector or candidate who causes | ||||||
20 | the issuance of the subpoena. In
case any person so served | ||||||
21 | shall knowingly neglect or refuse to obey any
such subpoena, or | ||||||
22 | to testify, the electoral board shall at once file a
petition | ||||||
23 | in the circuit court of the county in which such hearing is to
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24 | be heard, or has been attempted to be heard, setting forth the | ||||||
25 | facts, of
such knowing refusal or neglect, and accompanying the | ||||||
26 | petition with a
copy of the citation and the answer, if one has |
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1 | been filed, together
with a copy of the subpoena and the return | ||||||
2 | of service thereon, and shall
apply for an order of court | ||||||
3 | requiring such person to attend and testify,
and forthwith | ||||||
4 | produce books and papers, before the electoral board. Any
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5 | circuit court of the state, excluding the judge who is sitting | ||||||
6 | on the electoral
board, upon such showing shall order such | ||||||
7 | person to appear and testify,
and to forthwith produce such | ||||||
8 | books and papers, before the electoral board
at a place to be | ||||||
9 | fixed by the court. If such person shall knowingly fail
or | ||||||
10 | refuse to obey such order of the court without lawful excuse, | ||||||
11 | the court
shall punish him or her by fine and imprisonment, as | ||||||
12 | the nature of the case
may require and may be lawful in cases | ||||||
13 | of contempt of court.
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14 | The electoral board on the first day of its meeting shall | ||||||
15 | adopt rules
of procedure for the introduction of evidence and | ||||||
16 | the presentation of
arguments and may, in its discretion, | ||||||
17 | provide for the filing of briefs
by the parties to the | ||||||
18 | objection or by other interested persons.
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19 | In the event of a State Electoral Board hearing on | ||||||
20 | objections to a
petition for an amendment to Article IV of the | ||||||
21 | Constitution
pursuant to Section 3 of Article XIV of the | ||||||
22 | Constitution, or to a
petition for a question of public policy | ||||||
23 | to be submitted to the
voters of the entire State, the | ||||||
24 | certificates of the county clerks and boards
of election | ||||||
25 | commissioners showing the results of the random sample of
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26 | signatures on the petition shall be prima facie valid and |
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1 | accurate, and
shall be presumed to establish the number of | ||||||
2 | valid and invalid
signatures on the petition sheets reviewed in | ||||||
3 | the random sample , as prescribed
in Section 28-11 and 28-12 of | ||||||
4 | this Code. Either party, however, may introduce
evidence at | ||||||
5 | such hearing to dispute the findings as to particular | ||||||
6 | signatures.
In addition to the foregoing, in the absence of | ||||||
7 | competent evidence presented
at such hearing by a party | ||||||
8 | substantially challenging the results of a random
sample, such | ||||||
9 | results or showing a different result obtained by an additional | ||||||
10 | sample,
this certificate of a county clerk or board of election | ||||||
11 | commissioners shall
be presumed to establish the ratio of valid | ||||||
12 | to invalid signatures on the petition within
the particular | ||||||
13 | election jurisdiction .
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14 | The electoral board shall take up the question as to | ||||||
15 | whether or not
the certificate of nomination or nomination | ||||||
16 | papers or petitions are in
proper form, and whether or not they | ||||||
17 | were filed within the time and
under the conditions required by | ||||||
18 | law, and whether or not they are the
genuine certificate of | ||||||
19 | nomination or nomination papers or petitions
which they purport | ||||||
20 | to be, and whether or not in the case of the
certificate of | ||||||
21 | nomination in question it represents accurately the
decision of | ||||||
22 | the caucus or convention issuing it, and in general shall
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23 | decide whether or not the certificate of nomination or | ||||||
24 | nominating papers
or petitions on file are valid or whether the | ||||||
25 | objections thereto should
be sustained and the decision of a | ||||||
26 | majority of the electoral board shall
be final subject to |
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1 | judicial review as provided in Section 10-10.1. The
electoral | ||||||
2 | board must state its findings in writing and must state in
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3 | writing which objections, if any, it has sustained. A copy of | ||||||
4 | the decision shall be served upon the parties to the | ||||||
5 | proceedings in open proceedings before the electoral board. If | ||||||
6 | a party does not appear for receipt of the decision, the | ||||||
7 | decision shall be deemed to have been served on the absent | ||||||
8 | party on the date when a copy of the decision is personally | ||||||
9 | delivered or on the date when a copy of the decision is | ||||||
10 | deposited in the United States mail, in a sealed envelope or | ||||||
11 | package, with postage prepaid, addressed to each party affected | ||||||
12 | by the decision or to such party's attorney of record, if any, | ||||||
13 | at the address on record for such person in the files of the | ||||||
14 | electoral board.
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15 | Upon the expiration of the period within which a proceeding | ||||||
16 | for
judicial review must be commenced under Section 10-10.1, | ||||||
17 | the electoral
board shall, unless a proceeding for judicial | ||||||
18 | review has been commenced
within such period, transmit, by | ||||||
19 | registered or certified mail, a
certified copy of its ruling, | ||||||
20 | together with the original certificate of
nomination or | ||||||
21 | nomination papers or petitions and the original objector's
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22 | petition, to the officer or board with whom the certificate of
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23 | nomination or nomination papers or petitions, as objected to, | ||||||
24 | were on
file, and such officer or board shall abide by and | ||||||
25 | comply with the
ruling so made to all intents and purposes.
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26 | (Source: P.A. 98-115, eff. 7-29-13; 98-691, eff. 7-1-14; 99-78, |
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1 | eff. 7-20-15; 99-642, eff. 7-28-16.)
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2 | (10 ILCS 5/28-9) (from Ch. 46, par. 28-9)
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3 | Sec. 28-9.
Petitions for proposed amendments to Article IV | ||||||
4 | of the
Constitution pursuant to Section 3, Article XIV of the | ||||||
5 | Constitution shall be
signed by a number of electors equal in | ||||||
6 | number to at least 8% of the total
votes cast for candidates | ||||||
7 | for Governor in the preceding gubernatorial election.
Such | ||||||
8 | petition shall have been signed by the petitioning electors not | ||||||
9 | more than
24 months preceding the general election at which the | ||||||
10 | proposed amendment is to
be submitted and shall be filed with | ||||||
11 | the Secretary of State at least 6 months
before that general | ||||||
12 | election.
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13 | Upon receipt of a petition for a proposed Constitutional | ||||||
14 | amendment, the
Secretary of State shall, as soon as is | ||||||
15 | practicable, but no later than the
close of the next business | ||||||
16 | day, deliver such petition to the State Board of
Elections.
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17 | Petitions for advisory questions of public policy to be | ||||||
18 | submitted to the
voters of the entire State shall be signed by | ||||||
19 | a number of voters
equal in number to 8% of the total votes | ||||||
20 | cast for candidates for Governor in
the preceding gubernatorial | ||||||
21 | election. Such petition shall have been signed by
said | ||||||
22 | petitioners not more than 24 months preceding the date of the | ||||||
23 | general
election at which the question is to be submitted and | ||||||
24 | shall be filed with the
State Board of Elections at least 6 | ||||||
25 | months before that general election.
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1 | The proponents of the proposed statewide advisory
public | ||||||
2 | question shall file the original petition for a proposed | ||||||
3 | constitutional amendment or a Statewide advisory public | ||||||
4 | question in bound
sections. Each section shall be composed of | ||||||
5 | consecutively numbered petition
sheets bound in sections, | ||||||
6 | containing only the original signatures of registered voters in | ||||||
7 | the State .
Any petition sheets not consecutively numbered or | ||||||
8 | which contain duplicate
page numbers already used on other | ||||||
9 | sheets, or are photocopies or duplicates
of the original | ||||||
10 | sheets, shall not be considered part of the petition for
the | ||||||
11 | purpose of the random sampling verification and shall not be | ||||||
12 | counted
toward the minimum number of signatures required to | ||||||
13 | qualify the proposed
statewide advisory public question for the | ||||||
14 | ballot.
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15 | Within 7 business days following the last day for filing | ||||||
16 | the original
petition, the proponents shall also file copies of | ||||||
17 | the petition sheets with each proper election authority
and | ||||||
18 | obtain a receipt therefor.
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19 | For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall be | ||||||
20 | defined and construed
as follows:
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21 | 1. "Board" means the State Board of Elections.
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22 | 2. "Election Authority" means a county clerk or city or | ||||||
23 | county board of
election commissioners.
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24 | 3. (Blank).
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25 | 4. "Proponents" means any person, association, committee, | ||||||
26 | organization
or other group, or their designated |
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1 | representatives, who advocate and cause
the circulation and | ||||||
2 | filing of petitions for a statewide advisory question
of public | ||||||
3 | policy or a proposed constitutional amendment for submission at
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4 | a general election and who has registered with the Board as | ||||||
5 | provided in
this Act.
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6 | 5. "Opponents" means any person, association, committee, | ||||||
7 | organization
or other group, or their designated | ||||||
8 | representatives, who oppose a statewide
advisory question of | ||||||
9 | public policy or a proposed constitutional amendment
for | ||||||
10 | submission at a general election and who have registered with | ||||||
11 | the Board
as provided in this Act.
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12 | (Source: P.A. 97-81, eff. 7-5-11; 98-1171, eff. 6-1-15 .)
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13 | (10 ILCS 5/28-11) (from Ch. 46, par. 28-11)
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14 | Sec. 28-11.
The Board shall design a standard and | ||||||
15 | scientific random
sampling method for the verification of | ||||||
16 | petition signatures for statewide advisory referenda and | ||||||
17 | proposed constitutional amendments shall conduct
a public test | ||||||
18 | to prove the validity of its sampling method. Notice of the
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19 | time and place for such test shall be given at least 10 days | ||||||
20 | before the date
on which such test is to be conducted and in | ||||||
21 | the manner prescribed for notice
of regular Board meetings . In | ||||||
22 | addition, the Board shall adopt rules of procedure for the | ||||||
23 | petition filing process, including, but not limited to, the | ||||||
24 | signature verification and signature rehabilitation | ||||||
25 | procedures. Signatures on petitions for constitutional |
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1 | amendments initiated pursuant to Article XIV, Section 3 of the | ||||||
2 | Illinois Constitution need not be segregated by election | ||||||
3 | jurisdiction. The Board shall design an alternative signature | ||||||
4 | verification method for referenda initiated pursuant to | ||||||
5 | Article XIV, Section 3 of the Illinois Constitution.
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6 | The Within 14 business days following the last day for the | ||||||
7 | filing
of the original petition
as prescribed in Section 28-9, | ||||||
8 | the Board shall apply its proven random sampling
method to the | ||||||
9 | petition sheets in each election jurisdiction section for
the | ||||||
10 | purpose of selecting and identifying the petition signatures to | ||||||
11 | be included
in the sample for signature verification to be | ||||||
12 | conducted by the Board for the respective jurisdictions and
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13 | shall prepare and transmit to each proper election authority a | ||||||
14 | list by page
and line number of the signatures from its | ||||||
15 | election jurisdiction selected
for verification .
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16 | For each election jurisdiction, the sample verification | ||||||
17 | shall include an
examination of either (a) 10% of the | ||||||
18 | signatures if 5,010 or more signatures
are involved; or (b) 500 | ||||||
19 | signatures if more than 500 but less than 5,010
signatures are | ||||||
20 | involved; or (c) all signatures if 500 or less signatures are | ||||||
21 | involved.
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22 | The State Board of Elections Each election authority with | ||||||
23 | whom jurisdictional copies of petition sheets
were filed shall | ||||||
24 | determine the validity of those signatures contained in the | ||||||
25 | sample use the proven random sampling method designed and | ||||||
26 | furnished
by the Board for the verification of signatures shown |
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1 | on the list supplied
by the Board and in accordance with the | ||||||
2 | adopted rules of procedure and in accordance with the following | ||||||
3 | criteria for determination
of petition signature validity :
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4 | 1. Determine if the person who signed the petition is a | ||||||
5 | registered voter
in that election jurisdiction or was a | ||||||
6 | registered voter therein on the date
the petition was | ||||||
7 | signed;
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8 | 2. Determine if the signature of the person who signed | ||||||
9 | the petition reasonably
compares with the signature shown | ||||||
10 | on that person's registration record card.
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11 | Within 14 business days following receipt from the Board of | ||||||
12 | the
list of signatures
for verification, each election | ||||||
13 | authority shall transmit a properly dated
certificate to the | ||||||
14 | Board which shall indicate; (a) the page and line number
of | ||||||
15 | petition signatures examined, (b) the validity or invalidity of | ||||||
16 | such signatures,
and (c) the reasons for invalidity, based on | ||||||
17 | the criteria heretofore prescribed.
The Board shall prepare and | ||||||
18 | adopt a standard form of certificate for use
by the election | ||||||
19 | authorities which shall be transmitted with the list of
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20 | signatures for verification.
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21 | Upon written request of the election authority that, due to | ||||||
22 | the volume
of signatures in the sample for its jurisdiction, | ||||||
23 | additional time is needed
to properly perform the signature | ||||||
24 | verification, the Board may grant the
election authority | ||||||
25 | additional days to complete the verification and transmit
the | ||||||
26 | certificate of results. These certificates of random sample |
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1 | verification
results shall be available for public inspection | ||||||
2 | within 24 hours after receipt
by the State Board of Elections.
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3 | (Source: P.A. 97-81, eff. 7-5-11.)
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4 | (10 ILCS 5/28-12) (from Ch. 46, par. 28-12)
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5 | Sec. 28-12.
Upon completion of the signature verification | ||||||
6 | process receipt of the certificates of the election authorities
| ||||||
7 | showing the results of the sample signature verification, the | ||||||
8 | Board shall:
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9 | 1. Based on the sample of signatures examined , | ||||||
10 | calculate the ratio of invalid and or valid signatures on | ||||||
11 | the petition
in each election jurisdiction .
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12 | 2. Apply the ratio of invalid to valid signatures in an | ||||||
13 | election
jurisdiction sample to the total number of | ||||||
14 | petition signatures submitted on the petition
from that | ||||||
15 | election jurisdiction .
| ||||||
16 | 3. Compute the degree of multiple signature | ||||||
17 | contamination in each election
jurisdiction sample .
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18 | 4. Adjusting Adjust for multiple signature | ||||||
19 | contamination and the number of invalid signatures,
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20 | project the total number of valid petition signatures | ||||||
21 | submitted from each
election jurisdiction .
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22 | 5. (Blank). Aggregate the total number of projected | ||||||
23 | valid signatures from each
election jurisdiction and | ||||||
24 | project the total number of valid signatures on
the | ||||||
25 | petition statewide.
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1 | If such statewide projection establishes a total number of | ||||||
2 | valid petition
signatures less than 95% not greater than 95.0% | ||||||
3 | of the minimum number of signatures required
to qualify the | ||||||
4 | proposed constitutional amendment or statewide advisory
public | ||||||
5 | question for the ballot, the petition shall be presumed | ||||||
6 | invalid;
provided that, prior to the last day for ballot | ||||||
7 | certification for the general
election, the Board shall conduct | ||||||
8 | a hearing for the purpose of allowing
the proponents to present | ||||||
9 | competent evidence or an additional sample to
rebut the | ||||||
10 | presumption of
invalidity. At the conclusion of such hearing, | ||||||
11 | and after the resolution of any specific objection filed | ||||||
12 | pursuant to Section 10-8 of this Code, the Board shall issue a
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13 | final order declaring the petition to be valid or invalid and | ||||||
14 | shall, in
accordance with its order, certify or not certify the | ||||||
15 | proposition for the ballot.
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16 | If such statewide projection establishes a total number of | ||||||
17 | valid petition
signatures equal to or greater than 95% greater | ||||||
18 | than 95.0% of the minimum number of signatures required
to | ||||||
19 | qualify the proposed Constitutional amendment or statewide | ||||||
20 | advisory
public question for the ballot, the results of the | ||||||
21 | sample shall be considered
inconclusive and, if no specific | ||||||
22 | objections to the petition are filed pursuant
to Section 10-8 | ||||||
23 | of this Code, the Board shall issue a final order declaring
the | ||||||
24 | petition to be valid and shall certify the proposition for the | ||||||
25 | ballot.
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26 | In either event, the Board shall append to its final order |
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1 | the detailed
results of the sample from each election | ||||||
2 | jurisdiction which shall include:
(a) specific page and line | ||||||
3 | numbers of signatures actually verified or determined
to be | ||||||
4 | invalid by the respective election authorities, and (b) the | ||||||
5 | calculations
and projections performed by the Board for each | ||||||
6 | election jurisdiction.
| ||||||
7 | (Source: P.A. 97-81, eff. 7-5-11.)
| ||||||
8 | (10 ILCS 5/28-13) (from Ch. 46, par. 28-13)
| ||||||
9 | Sec. 28-13.
Each political party and civic organization as | ||||||
10 | well as the
registered proponents and opponents of a proposed | ||||||
11 | constitutional amendment or
statewide advisory public question | ||||||
12 | shall be entitled to one watcher in
the office of the election | ||||||
13 | authority to observe the conduct of the sample
signature | ||||||
14 | verification and participate in any proceedings related | ||||||
15 | thereto . However, in those election jurisdictions where
a 10% | ||||||
16 | sample is required, the proponents and opponents may appoint no | ||||||
17 | more than
5 assistant watchers in addition to the 1 principal | ||||||
18 | watcher permitted herein.
| ||||||
19 | Within 7 days following the last day for filing of the | ||||||
20 | original petition,
the proponents and opponents shall certify | ||||||
21 | in writing to the Board that they
publicly support or oppose | ||||||
22 | the proposed statewide
advisory public question. The | ||||||
23 | proponents and opponents of such questions shall
register the | ||||||
24 | name and address of its group and the name and address of its
| ||||||
25 | chairman and designated agent for acceptance of service of |
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| |||||||
1 | notices with
the Board. Thereupon, the Board shall prepare a | ||||||
2 | list of the registered
proponents and opponents and shall adopt | ||||||
3 | a standard proponents' and opponents' watcher
credential form. | ||||||
4 | A copy of such list and sufficient copies of such credentials
| ||||||
5 | shall be transmitted with the list for the sample signature | ||||||
6 | verification
to the appropriate election authorities. Those | ||||||
7 | election authorities shall
issue credentials to the | ||||||
8 | permissible number of watchers for each proponent and opponent
| ||||||
9 | group; provided, however, that a prospective watcher shall | ||||||
10 | first present
to the election authority a letter of | ||||||
11 | authorization signed by the chairman
of the proponent or | ||||||
12 | opponent group he or she represents.
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13 | Political party and qualified civic organization watcher | ||||||
14 | credentials shall
be substantially in the form and shall be | ||||||
15 | authorized in the manner prescribed
in Section 7-34 of this | ||||||
16 | Code.
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17 | The rights and limitations of pollwatchers as prescribed by | ||||||
18 | Section 7-34
of this Code, insofar as they may be made | ||||||
19 | applicable, shall be applicable
to watchers at the conduct of | ||||||
20 | the sample signature verification.
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21 | The principal watcher for the proponents and opponents may | ||||||
22 | make signed written
objections to the Board relating to | ||||||
23 | procedures observed during the conduct
of the sample signature | ||||||
24 | verification which could materially affect the results
of the | ||||||
25 | sample. Such written objections shall be presented to the | ||||||
26 | election
authority and a copy mailed to the Board and shall be |
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1 | attached to the certificate
of sample results transmitted by | ||||||
2 | the election authority to the Board.
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3 | (Source: P.A. 97-81, eff. 7-5-11.)
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4 | Section 99. Effective date. This Act takes effect upon | ||||||
5 | becoming law.
|