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Public Act 102-0520
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SB0685 Enrolled | LRB102 12042 LNS 17378 b |
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AN ACT concerning domestic violence.
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Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
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represented in the General Assembly:
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Section 1. Short title. This Act may be cited as the |
Domestic Violence Fatality Review Act.
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Section 5. Definitions. As used in this Act: |
"Board" means the Illinois Criminal Justice Information |
Authority Board. |
"Case eligible for review" means the case based upon a |
qualifying relationship that the regional review teams can |
review under Section 70. |
"Confidential information" means: |
(1) oral, written, digital, or electronic original or |
copied information, records, documents, photographs, |
images, exhibits, or communications (i) obtained by the |
Board, the Statewide Committee, or a regional review team |
from a public body for the purpose of addressing whether a |
case should be reviewed or for review of an eligible case |
under this Act while in the possession of the Board, |
Statewide Committee, or regional review team or (ii) in |
the possession of, provided to, obtained by, shared with, |
discussed by, created by, or maintained by the Board, the |
Statewide Committee, or a regional review team for the |
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purpose of addressing whether a case should be reviewed or |
for review of an eligible case; |
(2) any information that may be in the possession of |
the Board, Statewide Committee, or a regional review team |
that discloses the identities of victims, survivors, |
deceased, or offenders, or their family members, or by |
which their identities can be determined by a reasonably |
diligent inquiry; and |
(3) any discussions, deliberations, minutes, notes, |
records, or opinions of the members of the Board, |
Statewide Committee, or a regional review team with regard |
to a case eligible for review to determine whether the |
case should be reviewed or a review of an eligible case. |
Confidential information does not mean nonidentifying or |
aggregate data information or analysis of data, and |
recommendations for community and systemic reform. |
"Deceased" means anyone who died in connection with the |
actions of the offender, other than the victim, survivor, or |
offender. |
"Domestic violence" means abuse as it is defined in |
Section 103 of the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986 and |
paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of Section 112A-3 of the Code |
of Criminal Procedure of 1963. |
"Domestic violence fatality review" means the deliberative |
process of multiagency and multidisciplinary teams that select |
eligible cases of domestic violence related fatalities and |
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near-fatalities, and trace prior systemic interventions and |
involvement to: |
(1) examine barriers to safety, justice, |
self-determination, and equity; |
(2) identify systemic and community gaps and consider |
alternate and more effective systemic responses; and |
(3) develop recommendations for greater coordinated |
and improved community and systemic response and |
prevention initiatives to domestic violence in order to |
reduce the occurrence, frequency, and severity of domestic |
violence and prevent fatalities and near-fatalities. |
"Familicide" means the killing of a family, including one |
or both parents and any children, by a family member. |
"Fatality" means death caused by suicide or homicide. |
"Near-fatality" means a death that nearly occurred by |
means of suicide or homicide, or an injury that could have |
resulted in death. |
"Offender" means the person who inflicted domestic |
violence upon the victim and caused the victim's death, or the |
person who inflicted domestic violence upon a survivor. |
"Offender" includes a person who is deceased or alive, and is |
not required to have been the subject of a criminal |
investigation or prosecution. |
"Regional domestic violence fatality review team" or |
"regional review team" means a multiagency and |
multidisciplinary team that selects and reviews eligible cases |
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in accordance with Section 45. |
"Statewide Committee" means the Ad Hoc Statewide Domestic |
Violence Fatality Review Committee of the Illinois Criminal |
Justice Information Authority Board. |
"Survivor" means a person who experienced domestic |
violence and is alive. |
"Victim" means the person who experienced domestic |
violence and is deceased, including by means of homicide or |
suicide.
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Section 10. Findings. The General Assembly finds and |
declares the following: |
(a) Over 10,000,000 people in the United States experience |
physical domestic violence by a current or former partner each |
year. |
(b) According to the Centers for Disease Control and |
Prevention of the United States Department of Health and Human |
Services, domestic violence accounts for 15% of all violent |
crime in the United States, and in this State, 42% of women and |
26% of men have been harmed by an intimate partner in their |
lifetime. |
(c) According to the U.S. Department of Justice, |
nationwide approximately 1 in 4 women and nearly 1 in 7 men |
experience severe physical violence resulting from domestic |
violence by an intimate partner at some point in their |
lifetime. |
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(d) The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority |
found that while the actual number of domestic violence |
incidents are underreported, in this State over 100,000 |
domestic violence offenses were reported to law enforcement |
each year between 2005 and 2017. Between 400,000 and nearly |
600,000 orders of protection were filed each year between 2005 |
and 2017. |
(e) From 2001 to 2018, State domestic violence agencies |
served nearly 800,000 adults and children, at an average of |
57,684 clients per year, according to the Illinois Criminal |
Justice Information Authority. |
(f) Domestic violence related homicides account for nearly |
1 in 5 murders in the United States. According to the National |
Coalition Against Domestic Violence, female homicide victims |
are substantially more likely than male homicide victims to |
have been killed by an intimate partner. One in 3 female murder |
victims are killed by intimate partners. About 4% of male |
homicide victims were killed by an intimate partner. |
Nationwide, 72% of all homicide-suicides involved an intimate |
partner of which 94% of the murdered victims are women. |
(g) The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority |
found that 15% of all homicides in this State are connected to |
domestic violence, such that at least 130 domestic violence |
related homicides occurred in this State during 2019. The |
Illinois Coalition Against Domestic Violence found that |
domestic violence fatalities occurred across at least 26 |
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counties and included at least 7 children between July 2019 |
and June 2020. |
(h) The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority |
found that the estimated financial impact of domestic violence |
homicides reported in this State during 2019 would total |
nearly $1.2 billion. |
(i) Nearly all familicides involve a history of domestic |
violence. |
(j) Effective responses to domestic violence and domestic |
violence related fatalities involve governmental, social |
services, and other systems in the community. A coordinated |
and consistent approach among community and system points of |
intervention are important to fostering the safety, stability, |
well-being and healing of survivors, and facilitating |
meaningful engagement with and sustainable accountability for |
offenders. |
(k) Domestic violence transcends boundaries of race, |
religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, |
disability, culture, socioeconomic status, and geography. |
(l) Domestic violence related fatalities and |
near-fatalities are experienced and responded to differently |
in historically marginalized communities. The communities and |
systems that victims, survivors, and offenders engage with in |
historically marginalized communities are typically those with |
power imbalances often rooted in systemic racism and |
oppression. Women of color, in particular, face additional |
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barriers and gaps in accessing systemic and community |
responses aimed at reducing domestic violence related |
fatalities and near-fatalities. |
(m) Over 200 domestic violence fatality review teams exist |
across the United States. Those teams are engaged in systems |
reform in order to improve the response to domestic violence |
and reduce and prevent domestic violence related fatalities |
and near-fatalities. |
(n) Domestic violence related fatalities and |
near-fatalities can be prevented, and the use of regional |
domestic violence fatality review teams under the leadership, |
guidance, and technical assistance of the Statewide Committee |
in support of the regional teams is an effort toward such |
prevention.
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Section 15. Purposes. The purposes of this Act are: |
(1) To create the Ad Hoc Statewide Domestic Violence |
Fatality Review Committee of the Illinois Criminal Justice |
Information Authority Board to support domestic violence |
fatality review in this State. |
(2) To establish regional domestic violence fatality |
review teams that engage in domestic violence fatality review |
in this State in order to foster systemic reform that aims to: |
(A) reduce domestic violence and domestic violence |
related fatalities and near-fatalities in this State; |
(B) address disparate and discriminatory practices and |
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attitudes in the systems that interact with victims, |
survivors, and offenders; and |
(C) reduce the cost on society of domestic violence |
and domestic violence related fatalities and |
near-fatalities by: |
(i) reviewing selected cases eligible for review; |
(ii) examining how systems have responded to |
individual experiences; |
(iii) identifying gaps and barriers to effective |
and equitable responses that promote safety, |
stability, well-being, healing, and accountability; |
and |
(iv) recommending strategies to improve community |
and systemic responses to domestic violence in order |
to foster points of intervention and support that are |
effective, coordinated, collaborative, consistent, |
just, and equitable.
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Section 20. Ad Hoc Statewide Domestic Violence Fatality |
Review Committee of the Illinois Criminal Justice Information |
Authority Board. The Ad Hoc Statewide Domestic Violence |
Fatality Review Committee of the Illinois Criminal Justice |
Information Authority Board is hereby created to provide |
guidance, leadership, technical assistance, research, and |
other supports to the regional domestic violence fatality |
review teams in carrying out their responsibilities under this |
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Act, and to serve as a statewide resource for addressing |
domestic violence related fatalities and near-fatalities as |
well as other forms of abuse connected to domestic violence.
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Section 25. Membership of the Statewide Committee. |
(a) The Statewide Committee shall consist of the following |
voting members and nonvoting ex officio members. The voting |
membership shall have racial, ethnic, gender, and geographic |
diversity and include the following: |
(1) Four members of the General Assembly as follows: 2 |
members of the Senate, one member appointed by the |
President of the Senate and one member appointed by the |
Senate Minority Leader; 2 members of the House of |
Representatives, one member appointed by the Speaker of |
the House and one member appointed by the House Minority |
Leader. |
(2) One member of the Governor's policy leadership |
team appointed by the Governor. |
(3) Up to 20 public members designated by the Board |
Chairperson, including: |
(A) Four members representing different regional |
review teams established under this Act, or at-large |
members in accordance with subparagraph (I) if 4 |
regional review teams have not yet been established at |
the time of appointment. |
(B) Two members representing statewide, regional, |
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or local organizations that advocate on behalf of |
survivors of domestic violence. |
(C) Two members who are domestic violence |
survivors, one of whom may be a family member of a |
victim of domestic violence related fatality or |
near-fatality. |
(D) Four social service providers representing |
different geographic areas of the State whose |
significant purpose is to provide services to |
survivors of domestic violence. |
(E) Two social service providers who have |
significant experience working with domestic violence |
offenders. |
(F) One physician licensed by the State whose |
State practice focuses on emergency medicine. |
(G) One member of the Illinois Association of |
Chiefs of Police recommended by the Association |
Director or President. |
(H) One member of the Illinois Sheriffs' |
Association recommended by the Association Director or |
President. |
(I) Three at-large members who have substantial |
expertise and experience in the response to or |
prevention of domestic violence and domestic violence |
related fatalities and near-fatalities, or a related |
skill or expertise. |
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(b) The following, or a designee, shall serve as nonvoting |
ex officio members of the Statewide Committee: the Lieutenant |
Governor; the Secretary of Human Services; the Director of |
Public Health; the Attorney General; the Director of the |
Illinois State Police; the Director of Children and Family |
Services; the Director of the Illinois Criminal Justice |
Information Authority; the Director of the Office of the |
State's Attorney Appellate Prosecutor; the Director of the |
Office of the State Appellate Defender; and the Director of |
the Administrative Office of the Illinois Courts.
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Section 30. Statewide Committee terms of members; |
vacancies. |
(a) Terms of the original voting members shall be |
staggered as follows: one-half shall be designated for 2-year |
terms and one-half shall be designated for 3-year terms. The |
length of the initial terms of each original voting member |
shall be drawn by lot at the first meeting held by the |
Statewide Committee and shall be recorded as part of the |
minutes of the meeting. After the initial term, each term |
shall be for 3 years. Length of terms of co-chairs, the |
secretary, and other officers coincide with Statewide |
Committee members' terms. |
(b) The Board Chairperson shall designate members to fill |
vacancies in accordance with Section 25. A member whose term |
has expired may serve until a successor is appointed and |
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accepts the appointment.
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Section 35. Statewide Committee quorum; meetings; |
compensation. |
(a) A quorum shall consist of 7 of the voting members of |
the Statewide Committee. |
(b) The first meeting of the Statewide Committee shall |
occur by January 15, 2022. At the first meeting and at |
subsequent meetings when terms expire, the voting members |
shall elect 2 co-chairs and a secretary from among the voting |
members and may elect any other officers and other officers |
the voting members deem necessary to carry out the duties and |
responsibilities of the Statewide Committee. |
(c) The Statewide Committee shall meet at least quarterly |
each State fiscal year. Additional meetings may be called by |
the co-chairs, after at least 7 days prior notice to the |
Statewide Committee members, or upon a written request signed |
by at least 5 Statewide Committee members to the co-chairs for |
a meeting request. Meetings may be held by a virtual meeting |
format during a public health emergency or disaster |
proclamation declared by the Governor, or at the discretion of |
the co-chairs. |
(d) The meetings of the Statewide Committee are subject to |
the Open Meetings Act, except the following shall occur in |
closed executive sessions not subject to the requirements of |
the Open Meetings Act: |
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(1) discussions about personnel matters, confidential |
information as defined by Section 5, or cases eligible for |
review under Section 70; and |
(2) conducting a domestic violence fatality review. |
(e) The members shall receive no compensation for their |
service as members of the Statewide Committee, but may receive |
reimbursement for actual expenses incurred in the performance |
of their duties, subject to the availability of funds for that |
purpose.
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Section 40. Duties and responsibilities of the Statewide |
Committee. |
(a) The Statewide Committee shall carry out the following |
duties and responsibilities: |
(1) Subject to available funds, hire or assign a |
full-time Program Manager to carry out the duties and |
responsibilities of the Statewide Committee and the |
purposes of this Act. The Program Manager may hire |
additional staff, subject to the availability of funds for |
that purpose and subject to the approval of the Board. The |
Statewide Committee and regional review teams can operate |
without an acting Program Manager. |
(2) Establish and maintain an Internet website. |
(3) Prepare an annual budget that includes |
compensation for the Program Manager and staff, and |
financial reimbursement to regional review team members or |
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teams for actual expenses incurred in the performance of |
their duties, subject to the availability of funds for |
that purpose. |
(4) Facilitate the establishment and implementation of |
regional review teams across the State over 6 years after |
the effective date of this Act and collaboratively develop |
regional implementation plans and procedures. |
(5) Provide training and ongoing technical assistance |
to regional review teams. |
(6) Conduct, or assist in conducting, regional |
domestic violence fatality reviews if requested by |
regional review teams in specific cases. |
(7) Develop model confidentiality agreement, policies, |
and procedures for the use of regional review teams. |
(8) Develop guidelines for the annual and biennial |
reports of the Statewide Committee and the regional review |
teams pursuant to this Section and Section 65. |
(9) Appoint the initial members of each regional |
review team in accordance with Section 50 or designate a |
founding member of a regional review team to form the |
remainder of the regional review team in accordance with |
Section 50, unless the regional review team has been |
formed prior to the effective date of this Act or elects to |
form without the involvement of the Statewide Committee. |
(10) Create a process whereby the Statewide Committee |
shall annually officially recognize regional review teams |
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that are formed and operated in substantial compliance |
with the requirements of this Act, and nonrecognize those |
regional review teams that are substantially out of |
compliance after reasonable efforts are made by the |
Statewide Committee to engage the regional review team's |
co-chairs and other regional stakeholders to facilitate |
corrective actions to bring the regional review team into |
substantial compliance. A nonrecognized regional review |
team no longer has the authority to operate under this |
Act, however, nonrecognition would not preclude the |
formation of a new regional review team for the affected |
region. |
(11) Review, analyze, maintain, and securely store |
regional review team reports and recommendations submitted |
by each regional review team as required by Section 65. |
(12) File an annual report with the Governor and the |
General Assembly on the operations and activities of the |
Statewide Committee and of the regional review teams. The |
first report shall be due no later than March 1, 2023, and |
each subsequent report shall be due no later than March 1 |
of each year thereafter. The annual report shall be made |
publicly available on the Statewide Committee's Internet |
website. |
(13) In even numbered years, file a substantive |
biennial report reviewing and analyzing the data and |
recommendations collected from the reports of the regional |
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review teams. The biennial report shall include specific |
recommendations for legislative, systemic, policy, and any |
other changes to reduce domestic violence and domestic |
violence related fatalities and near-fatalities. The first |
report shall be due no later than April 1, 2024, and each |
subsequent report shall be due no later than April 1 of |
each even year thereafter. The biennial report shall be |
made publicly available on the Statewide Committee's |
Internet website. |
(b) The Statewide Committee may carry out the following |
duties and responsibilities: |
(1) After a vote by the majority of the voting |
Statewide Committee members or a decision by the |
co-chairs, establish one or more subcommittees or task |
forces to address specific issues regarding domestic |
violence, domestic violence fatalities and |
near-fatalities, domestic violence fatality review, or |
other related issues or subject matters, and may invite |
nonmembers with expertise on the issue or subject matter |
to serve on the subcommittee or task force. Each |
subcommittee or task force shall be chaired by a member of |
the Statewide Committee. |
(2) Advise the Governor and General Assembly on |
domestic violence, domestic violence fatalities and |
near-fatalities, domestic violence fatality review, data, |
and related topics or policies. |
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(3) Engage nonmember stakeholders in reviewing |
selected recommendations from the regional review teams in |
accordance with notions of fairness, equity, justice, due |
process, and practicality. |
(4) Analyze data and identify trends related to |
domestic violence and domestic violence related fatalities |
and near-fatalities, and develop mechanisms for |
collecting, analyzing, and storing data that it collects |
or that is provided by the regional review teams. |
(5) Adopt administrative rules in order to implement |
this Act. |
(6) Subject to the availability of funding and |
approval by a vote of the majority of the Statewide |
Committee members, engage with and enter into contracts |
with a higher education institution or research entity for |
research, analysis, training, and educational purposes in |
furtherance of the purposes of this Act. Statewide |
Committee members or Statewide Committee staff shall not |
share information with contractors that would disclose the |
identities of victims, survivors, deceased, offenders, and |
their family members or by which their identities can be |
determined by a reasonably diligent inquiry. |
(7) Support the implementation of systemic and |
community reform recommendations in order to advance the |
purposes of this Act. |
(8) Adopt notice of funding opportunities, award |
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grants, or enter into contracts with statewide or local |
organizations that advocate on behalf of survivors. |
(9) Assign any responsibilities under this Section. |
(10) Engage in any other activities that enable the |
Statewide Committee, its staff, and the regional review |
teams to carry out the purposes of this Act.
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Section 45. Regional domestic violence fatality review |
teams. A regional domestic violence fatality review team may |
be established within the boundaries of each judicial circuit. |
Once a review team is established within the boundaries of the |
judicial circuit, the team may establish one or more subteams |
to efficiently and effectively carry out the responsibilities |
of the regional review team and conduct domestic violence |
fatality review.
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Section 50. Membership of regional domestic violence |
fatality review teams. Each regional review team shall, at a |
minimum, include the following members from within the |
boundaries of the judicial circuit: |
(1) a State's Attorney or Assistant State's Attorney; |
(2) a public defender or other criminal defense lawyer; |
(3) a coroner or medical examiner; |
(4) a Sheriff, Deputy Sheriff, Chief of Police, or other |
law enforcement officer with experience in domestic violence |
cases; |
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(5) a social service provider whose significant role is to |
provide services to survivors of domestic violence; |
(6) a social service provider who has significant |
experience working with domestic violence offenders, if |
available in the region; |
(7) a civil legal services lawyer or pro bono lawyer |
connected with a civil legal services program; and |
(8) at least 2 of the following members: a public health |
official; a physician licensed by the State who specializes in |
emergency medicine; an advanced practice registered nurse; a |
licensed mental health professional such as a psychiatrist, |
clinical psychologist, licensed clinical professional |
counselor, or licensed clinical social worker; a circuit judge |
or associate judge; a clerk of the circuit court or other |
elected or appointed court official; an administrative law |
judge; an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or other |
first responder; a local or regional elected official or State |
legislator; a representative from the private business sector; |
a member of the clergy or other representative of the faith |
community; a public housing authority administrator or |
manager; an alcohol and substance abuse treatment |
professional; a probation or parole officer; a child welfare |
administrator, caseworker, or investigator; a public school |
administrator, teacher, or school support staff person |
licensed and endorsed by the Illinois State Board of |
Education; a representative of a State university or community |
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college; a social science researcher or data analyst; a |
survivor or a family member or friend of a survivor or victim; |
a supervised child visitation or child exchange staff person; |
or a member of the public at-large who has the education, |
training, or experience to carry out the purposes of the |
regional review team.
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Section 55. Terms of regional review team members; |
vacancies. |
(a) Terms of the original regional team members shall be |
staggered as follows: one-half of the initial members of the |
review team shall serve 2-year terms, and one-half of the |
initial members shall serve 3-year terms. The initial terms |
shall be drawn by lot at the first meeting of the review team. |
Following the initial terms, each member of the review team |
shall serve 3-year terms. No member shall serve more than 2 |
consecutive terms. Length of terms of co-chairs, the |
secretary, and other officers coincide with regional review |
team membership terms. |
(b) Vacancies shall be filled by individuals who meet the |
requirements of Section 50 either by an application process or |
upon the recommendation of a member of the regional review |
team, and approved by a vote of the majority of the regional |
review team members. Vacancies occurring during a term shall |
be filled to complete the current term. Members whose terms |
have expired may continue to serve until a new member is |
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appointed. Former members are eligible for reappointment after |
the expiration of at least 12 months following their last date |
of service.
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Section 60. Regional review team quorum; meetings; |
compensation. |
(a) All members of the regional review team are voting |
members. Five members of the regional review team shall |
constitute a quorum. |
(b) At the first meeting and at subsequent meetings when |
terms expire, the regional review team shall elect 2 co-chairs |
and a secretary and may elect any other officers the voting |
members deem necessary to carry out the duties and |
responsibilities of the regional review team. |
(c) Each regional review team shall meet at least |
quarterly on a date and at a time and location determined by |
the co-chairs. Additional meetings may be convened by the |
co-chairs upon at least 7 days' prior written notice to the |
regional review team members, or upon the written request by |
at least 5 regional review team members to the co-chairs. |
Meetings may be held by virtual meeting format during a public |
health emergency or disaster proclamation declared by the |
Governor, or at the discretion of the co-chairs. |
(d) Members of regional review teams are not entitled to |
compensation, but may receive reimbursement for actual |
expenses incurred in the performance of their duties, subject |
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to the availability of State or local funds for such purposes.
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Section 65. Duties and responsibilities of the regional |
domestic violence fatality review team. |
(a) Each regional review team shall carry out the |
following duties and responsibilities: |
(1) Form a regional review team in accordance with |
Sections 50 and 55. |
(2) Report the names, professional titles, if |
applicable, and business contact information of each |
review team member to the Statewide Committee and inform |
the Statewide Committee in a timely manner of any changes |
to the membership of the regional review team. |
(3) Create a secure system of maintaining and storing |
minutes, correspondence, and confidential information |
related to the regional review team and the domestic |
violence fatality reviews. |
(4) Ensure that each member of the regional review |
team participates in trainings and technical assistance |
provided by the Statewide Committee and other |
professionals. |
(5) Meet at least quarterly and maintain minutes of |
the business conducted by the regional review team at each |
meeting. |
(6) Establish priorities for reviewing eligible cases |
that consider, in part, demographic and case type |
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diversity. |
(7) Based upon information available from a variety of |
sources, consider cases eligible for review in accordance |
with Section 70. |
(8) Vote by a majority of the regional review team |
members to review a specific case based upon various |
factors, including the priorities by the regional review |
team. |
(9) Invite and coordinate with the specific people |
designated in Section 50 who were involved in the selected |
domestic violence related fatality or near-fatality to |
participate in the domestic violence fatality review. |
Members of the regional review team may also participate |
directly in the domestic violence fatality review. |
(10) Execute a confidentiality agreement with each |
member of the regional review team and participant of a |
domestic violence fatality review in accordance with |
Section 75. |
(11) Conduct a domestic violence fatality review of at |
least 2 eligible cases per calendar year, or, if the |
regional review team is unable to complete at least 2 |
reviews in a given year, provide an explanation to the |
Statewide Committee in the regional review team's annual |
report pursuant to paragraph (12). |
(12) Prepare and submit an annual report to the |
Statewide Committee on the operations and activities of |
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the regional review team in accordance with guidelines |
established by the Statewide Committee. The initial report |
shall be due on March 1 following the formation of the |
regional review team and subsequent reports shall be |
submitted no later than March 1 of each year thereafter. |
(13) On odd numbered years, prepare and submit to the |
Statewide Committee a biennial report based upon the |
domestic violence fatality reviews of the corresponding |
time period. The biennial report shall include specific |
recommendations for legislative, systemic, policy, and any |
other changes to reduce domestic violence and domestic |
violence related fatalities and near-fatalities. These |
recommendations will be reviewed by the Statewide |
Committee according to Section 40 and will, in part, |
inform the Statewide Committee's biennial report on even |
years. Any information that identifies the victims, |
survivors, deceased, or offenders, or their family members |
or any information by which their identities can be |
determined by a reasonably diligent inquiry shall not be |
disclosed in any domestic violence fatality review |
biennial report or by any other means. Any narrative of |
nonidentifying facts will be limited to those essential |
and indispensable to the explanation of data analysis or a |
recommendation for reform. Aggregate and nonidentifying |
data, including demographics, may be included in the |
biennial report. The first biennial report shall be due no |
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later than April 1, 2023, and each subsequent report shall |
be due no later than April 1 of each odd year thereafter. |
(b) Each regional review team may carry out the following |
duties and responsibilities: |
(1) Collect and analyze data from its regional area |
regarding cases eligible for review that were and were not |
reviewed by the regional review team for purposes of |
identifying patterns and making recommendations for |
community and systemic reforms. |
(2) Subject to the availability of funding and |
approval by a vote of the majority of the regional review |
team members, engage with and enter into contracts with a |
higher education institution or research entity for |
research, analysis, training, and educational purposes in |
furtherance of the purposes of this Act. Regional review |
team members shall not share information with contractors |
that would disclose the identities of victims, survivors, |
deceased, offenders, and their family members or by which |
their identities can be determined by a reasonably |
diligent inquiry. |
(3) Seek funds to support the operations of the |
regional review team and the facilitation of domestic |
violence fatality reviews. |
(4) Support the implementation of systemic and |
community reform recommendations in order to advance the |
purposes of this Act. |
|
(5) Engage in any other activities that enable the |
regional review team to carry out the purposes of this |
Act.
|
Section 70. Case eligible for review by regional review |
team. A case eligible for review shall include a fatality or |
near-fatality that occurred within the geographic boundaries |
of the judicial circuit covered by the regional review team |
and a qualifying relationship. |
(a) A fatality or near-fatality includes at least one of |
the following: |
(1) a homicide, as defined in Article 9 of the |
Criminal Code of 2012 in which: |
(A) the offender causes the death of the victim, |
the deceased, or others; or |
(B) the survivor causes the death of the offender, |
the deceased, or others; |
(2) a suicide or attempted suicide of the offender; |
(3) a suicide of the victim; |
(4) a suicide attempt of the survivor; |
(5) a familicide in which the offender causes the |
death of the victim and other members of the victim's |
family including, but not limited to, minor or adult |
children and parents; |
(6) the near-fatality of a survivor caused by the |
offender; |
|
(7) the near-fatality of an offender caused by the |
survivor; or |
(8) any other case involving domestic violence if a |
majority of the regional review team vote that a review of |
the case will advance the purposes of this Act. |
(b) A qualifying relationship between the offender and the |
victim or survivor shall include instances or a history of |
domestic violence perpetrated by the offender against the |
victim or survivor and at least one of the following |
circumstances: |
(1) the offender and the victim or survivor: |
(A) resided together or shared a common dwelling |
at any time; |
(B) have or are alleged to have a child in common; |
or |
(C) are or were engaged, married, divorced, |
separated, or had a dating or romantic relationship, |
regardless of whether they had sexual relations; |
(2) the offender stalked the victim or survivor as |
described in Section 12-7.3 of the Criminal Code of 2012; |
(3) the victim or survivor filed for an order of |
protection against the offender under the Illinois |
Domestic Violence Act of 1986 or Section 112A-2.5 of the |
Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963; |
(4) the victim or survivor filed for a civil no |
contact order against the offender under the Civil No |
|
Contact Order Act or Section 112A-14.5 of the Code of |
Criminal Procedure of 1963; |
(5) the victim or survivor filed for a stalking no |
contact order against the offender under the Stalking No |
Contact Order Act or Section 112A-2.5 of the Code of |
Criminal Procedure of 1963; |
(6) the offender violated an order of protection, |
civil no contact order, or stalking no contact order |
obtained by the victim or survivor; |
(7) the deceased resided in the same household as, was |
present at the workplace of, was in the proximity of, or |
was related by blood or affinity to a victim or survivor; |
(8) the deceased was a law enforcement officer, |
emergency medical technician, or other responder to a |
domestic violence incident between the offender and the |
victim or survivor; or |
(9) a relationship between the offender and the |
victim, survivor, or deceased exists that a majority of |
the regional review team votes warrants review of the case |
to advance the purposes of this Act. |
(c) A case eligible for review does not require criminal |
charges or a conviction. |
(d) Any criminal investigation, civil, criminal, or |
administrative proceeding, and appeals shall be complete for a |
case to be eligible for review.
|
|
Section 75. Confidentiality of regional review teams, |
information, and domestic violence fatality reviews. |
(a) Meetings in which regional review teams are engaged in |
a domestic violence fatality review or in which confidential |
information is shared or disclosed are closed to the public |
and not subject to Section 2 of the Open Meetings Act. |
(b) Unless otherwise available and lawfully obtained |
through another source pursuant to an applicable law that |
allows the disclosure and release of the information, |
confidential information in the possession of a regional |
review team is not: |
(1) subject to disclosure by the Board, Statewide |
Committee, or a regional review team under the Freedom of |
Information Act, and this exemption does not extend to |
other public bodies unless otherwise provided by law; |
(2) subject to subpoena and discovery under Section |
2-402 of the Code of Civil Procedure, Article 115 of the |
Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, or Illinois Supreme |
Court Rule 412; and |
(3) admissible as evidence in any civil or criminal |
proceeding. |
(c) Confidential information in the possession of a |
regional review team shall not be disclosed, released, or |
shared except as follows: |
(1) among Statewide Committee members or Statewide |
Committee staff pursuant to the review of an eligible |
|
case; |
(2) among regional review team members to determine |
whether a case is eligible for review or whether an |
eligible case should be reviewed; |
(3) among regional review team members and |
participants during a domestic violence fatality review; |
or |
(4) a regional review team votes to share confidential |
information for solely educational or research purposes, |
consistent with State or federal law, as long as the |
information disclosed does not include the identities of |
victims, survivors, deceased, or offenders, or their |
family members or any information by which their |
identities can be determined by a reasonably diligent |
inquiry. |
(d) All Statewide Committee members, Statewide Committee |
subcommittee members, Statewide Committee staff, all members |
of each regional review team, and any other person who |
participates in any manner in a review of an eligible case by a |
regional review team shall execute a confidentiality agreement |
based upon a model confidentiality agreement developed by the |
Statewide Committee or a document substantially similar to the |
Statewide Committee's model document that acknowledges and |
agrees to comply with the responsibility not to disclose or |
release confidential information. All executed confidentiality |
agreements shall be maintained by the Statewide Committee and |
|
by each regional review team, respectively. |
(e) Members and staff of the Board, Statewide Committee, |
and members of a regional review team or participants of a |
domestic violence fatality review cannot be subject to |
examination or compelled to disclose or release confidential |
information in any administrative, civil or criminal |
proceeding, except for information that is otherwise available |
and lawfully obtained through another source pursuant to an |
applicable law that allows the disclosure and release of the |
information.
|
Section 80. Access to records and information. |
(a) Upon the oral or written request by a regional review |
team, records and oral or written information relevant to the |
purposes of domestic violence fatality review and to the |
responsibilities of the regional review team shall be provided |
free of charge by the following: State and local governmental |
agencies and officials; medical and dental providers; domestic |
violence offender and partner abuse intervention service |
providers; child care providers; and employers. Examples of |
records and oral or written information that may be requested |
include, but are not limited to: guardian ad litem reports; |
parenting evaluations; victim impact statements; mental health |
evaluations submitted to a court; probation information, |
presentence interviews, and reports; recommendations made |
regarding bail and release on own recognizance; child welfare |
|
reports and information; Child Advocacy Center reports and |
information; law enforcement incident reports, dispatch |
records, statements of victims, witnesses and suspects, |
supplemental reports, and probable cause statements; 9-1-1 |
call-taker's reports; correction and post-sentence probation |
or supervision reports; medical, hospital, and dental |
treatment records; school records and information; child care |
records and information; and employer records and information. |
The records and oral or written information may be provided |
for purposes of domestic violence fatality review without |
authorization of the person or persons to whom the records and |
oral or written information relate. |
(b) The records and oral or written information described |
in this Section provided to a regional review team or in a |
domestic violence fatality review become confidential |
information as defined in this Act. The Statewide Committee, |
regional review teams, and any other participant in a domestic |
violence fatality review shall maintain the confidentiality |
and shall not disclose or release the confidential information |
received, shared, or obtained. |
(c) Nothing in this Act shall: |
(1) limit public access to records or information that |
are lawfully available; or |
(2) change the confidentiality and privilege of |
communications under the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of |
1986, Section 8-802.1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the |
|
Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code, 42 CFR |
2.15, Section 40002(b)(2) of the Violence Against Women |
Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12291(b)(2)), 45 CFR 1370.4, and 28 |
CFR 94.115. |
(d) The Statewide Committee or a regional review team may |
request and obtain information and records from outside the |
State by any available legal means.
|
Section 85. Storage and destruction of confidential |
information. |
(a) Following a domestic violence fatality review, |
participants who brought or provided confidential information |
may return to their possession the confidential information, |
shall not disclose or share the confidential information |
unless otherwise allowed by State or federal law or not |
otherwise privileged, and may destroy the confidential |
information unless otherwise prohibited by State or federal |
law. Confidential information subject to immediate destruction |
shall be destroyed as provided under the State Records Act or |
Local Records Act. |
(b) Following a domestic violence fatality review, if one |
of the co-chairs of the regional review team is employed by a |
public or governmental agency, the co-chair of the regional |
review team will store at the place of employment or virtually |
on the confidential electronic database or other technology |
any remaining confidential information and will maintain the |
|
confidentiality of the information. If neither of the |
co-chairs of the regional review team are employed by a public |
or governmental agency, the co-chairs will designate a member |
of the regional review team employed by a public or |
governmental agency to store at the place of the member's |
employment or virtually on the member's confidential |
electronic database or other technology any remaining |
confidential information and will maintain the confidentiality |
of the information. One year following the submission of the |
regional review team's biennial report pursuant to Section 65, |
the co-chair or a designee shall destroy the confidential |
information.
|
Section 90. Penalty for unlawful disclosure of |
confidential information. Anyone who discloses, receives, |
makes use of, or knowingly permits the use of any confidential |
information in violation of this Act commits a Class A |
misdemeanor.
|
Section 95. Immunity. If acting in good faith, without |
malice, and within the protocols established by the Statewide |
Committee and the regional review team, members of the |
Statewide Committee and regional review team, and anyone |
participating in a domestic violence fatality review shall |
have immunity from administrative, civil, or criminal |
liability for an act or omission related to the participation |
|
in a domestic violence fatality review, notwithstanding |
Section 90.
|
Section 900. The Open Meetings Act is amended by changing |
Section 2 as follows:
|
(5 ILCS 120/2) (from Ch. 102, par. 42)
|
(Text of Section before amendment by P.A. 101-652 )
|
Sec. 2. Open meetings.
|
(a) Openness required. All meetings of public
bodies shall |
be open to the public unless excepted in subsection (c)
and |
closed in accordance with Section 2a.
|
(b) Construction of exceptions. The exceptions contained |
in subsection
(c) are in derogation of the requirement that |
public bodies
meet in the open, and therefore, the exceptions |
are to be strictly
construed, extending only to subjects |
clearly within their scope.
The exceptions authorize but do |
not require the holding of
a closed meeting to discuss a |
subject included within an enumerated exception.
|
(c) Exceptions. A public body may hold closed meetings to |
consider the
following subjects:
|
(1) The appointment, employment, compensation, |
discipline, performance,
or dismissal of specific |
employees, specific individuals who serve as independent |
contractors in a park, recreational, or educational |
setting, or specific volunteers of the public body or |
|
legal counsel for
the public body, including hearing
|
testimony on a complaint lodged against an employee, a |
specific individual who serves as an independent |
contractor in a park, recreational, or educational |
setting, or a volunteer of the public body or
against |
legal counsel for the public body to determine its |
validity. However, a meeting to consider an increase in |
compensation to a specific employee of a public body that |
is subject to the Local Government Wage Increase |
Transparency Act may not be closed and shall be open to the |
public and posted and held in accordance with this Act.
|
(2) Collective negotiating matters between the public |
body and its
employees or their representatives, or |
deliberations concerning salary
schedules for one or more |
classes of employees.
|
(3) The selection of a person to fill a public office,
|
as defined in this Act, including a vacancy in a public |
office, when the public
body is given power to appoint |
under law or ordinance, or the discipline,
performance or |
removal of the occupant of a public office, when the |
public body
is given power to remove the occupant under |
law or ordinance.
|
(4) Evidence or testimony presented in open hearing, |
or in closed
hearing where specifically authorized by law, |
to
a quasi-adjudicative body, as defined in this Act, |
provided that the body
prepares and makes available for |
|
public inspection a written decision
setting forth its |
determinative reasoning.
|
(5) The purchase or lease of real property for the use |
of
the public body, including meetings held for the |
purpose of discussing
whether a particular parcel should |
be acquired.
|
(6) The setting of a price for sale or lease of |
property owned
by the public body.
|
(7) The sale or purchase of securities, investments, |
or investment
contracts. This exception shall not apply to |
the investment of assets or income of funds deposited into |
the Illinois Prepaid Tuition Trust Fund.
|
(8) Security procedures, school building safety and |
security, and the use of personnel and
equipment to |
respond to an actual, a threatened, or a reasonably
|
potential danger to the safety of employees, students, |
staff, the public, or
public
property.
|
(9) Student disciplinary cases.
|
(10) The placement of individual students in special |
education
programs and other matters relating to |
individual students.
|
(11) Litigation, when an action against, affecting or |
on behalf of the
particular public body has been filed and |
is pending before a court or
administrative tribunal, or |
when the public body finds that an action is
probable or |
imminent, in which case the basis for the finding shall be
|
|
recorded and entered into the minutes of the closed |
meeting.
|
(12) The establishment of reserves or settlement of |
claims as provided
in the Local Governmental and |
Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act, if
otherwise the |
disposition of a claim or potential claim might be
|
prejudiced, or the review or discussion of claims, loss or |
risk management
information, records, data, advice or |
communications from or with respect
to any insurer of the |
public body or any intergovernmental risk management
|
association or self insurance pool of which the public |
body is a member.
|
(13) Conciliation of complaints of discrimination in |
the sale or rental
of housing, when closed meetings are |
authorized by the law or ordinance
prescribing fair |
housing practices and creating a commission or
|
administrative agency for their enforcement.
|
(14) Informant sources, the hiring or assignment of |
undercover personnel
or equipment, or ongoing, prior or |
future criminal investigations, when
discussed by a public |
body with criminal investigatory responsibilities.
|
(15) Professional ethics or performance when |
considered by an advisory
body appointed to advise a |
licensing or regulatory agency on matters
germane to the |
advisory body's field of competence.
|
(16) Self evaluation, practices and procedures or |
|
professional ethics,
when meeting with a representative of |
a statewide association of which the
public body is a |
member.
|
(17) The recruitment, credentialing, discipline or |
formal peer review
of physicians or other
health care |
professionals, or for the discussion of matters protected |
under the federal Patient Safety and Quality Improvement |
Act of 2005, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, |
including 42 C.F.R. Part 3 (73 FR 70732), or the federal |
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of |
1996, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, |
including 45 C.F.R. Parts 160, 162, and 164, by a |
hospital, or
other institution providing medical care, |
that is operated by the public body.
|
(18) Deliberations for decisions of the Prisoner |
Review Board.
|
(19) Review or discussion of applications received |
under the
Experimental Organ Transplantation Procedures |
Act.
|
(20) The classification and discussion of matters |
classified as
confidential or continued confidential by |
the State Government Suggestion Award
Board.
|
(21) Discussion of minutes of meetings lawfully closed |
under this Act,
whether for purposes of approval by the |
body of the minutes or semi-annual
review of the minutes |
as mandated by Section 2.06.
|
|
(22) Deliberations for decisions of the State
|
Emergency Medical Services Disciplinary
Review Board.
|
(23) The operation by a municipality of a municipal |
utility or the
operation of a
municipal power agency or |
municipal natural gas agency when the
discussion involves |
(i) contracts relating to the
purchase, sale, or delivery |
of electricity or natural gas or (ii) the results
or |
conclusions of load forecast studies.
|
(24) Meetings of a residential health care facility |
resident sexual
assault and death review
team or
the |
Executive
Council under the Abuse Prevention Review
Team |
Act.
|
(25) Meetings of an independent team of experts under |
Brian's Law. |
(26) Meetings of a mortality review team appointed |
under the Department of Juvenile Justice Mortality Review |
Team Act. |
(27) (Blank). |
(28) Correspondence and records (i) that may not be |
disclosed under Section 11-9 of the Illinois Public Aid |
Code or (ii) that pertain to appeals under Section 11-8 of |
the Illinois Public Aid Code. |
(29) Meetings between internal or external auditors |
and governmental audit committees, finance committees, and |
their equivalents, when the discussion involves internal |
control weaknesses, identification of potential fraud risk |
|
areas, known or suspected frauds, and fraud interviews |
conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing |
standards of the United States of America. |
(30) Those meetings or portions of meetings of a |
fatality review team or the Illinois Fatality Review Team |
Advisory Council during which a review of the death of an |
eligible adult in which abuse or neglect is suspected, |
alleged, or substantiated is conducted pursuant to Section |
15 of the Adult Protective Services Act. |
(31) Meetings and deliberations for decisions of the |
Concealed Carry Licensing Review Board under the Firearm |
Concealed Carry Act. |
(32) Meetings between the Regional Transportation |
Authority Board and its Service Boards when the discussion |
involves review by the Regional Transportation Authority |
Board of employment contracts under Section 28d of the |
Metropolitan Transit Authority Act and Sections 3A.18 and |
3B.26 of the Regional Transportation Authority Act. |
(33) Those meetings or portions of meetings of the |
advisory committee and peer review subcommittee created |
under Section 320 of the Illinois Controlled Substances |
Act during which specific controlled substance prescriber, |
dispenser, or patient information is discussed. |
(34) Meetings of the Tax Increment Financing Reform |
Task Force under Section 2505-800 of the Department of |
Revenue Law of the Civil Administrative Code of Illinois. |
|
(35) Meetings of the group established to discuss |
Medicaid capitation rates under Section 5-30.8 of the |
Illinois Public Aid Code. |
(36) Those deliberations or portions of deliberations |
for decisions of the Illinois Gaming Board in which there |
is discussed any of the following: (i) personal, |
commercial, financial, or other information obtained from |
any source that is privileged, proprietary, confidential, |
or a trade secret; or (ii) information specifically |
exempted from the disclosure by federal or State law. |
(38) Meetings of the Ad Hoc Statewide Domestic
|
Violence Fatality Review Committee of the Illinois |
Criminal
Justice Information Authority Board that occur in |
closed executive session under subsection (d) of Section |
35 of the Domestic Violence Fatality Review Act. |
(39) Meetings of the regional review teams under |
subsection (a) of Section 75 of the Domestic Violence |
Fatality Review Act. |
(d) Definitions. For purposes of this Section:
|
"Employee" means a person employed by a public body whose |
relationship
with the public body constitutes an |
employer-employee relationship under
the usual common law |
rules, and who is not an independent contractor.
|
"Public office" means a position created by or under the
|
Constitution or laws of this State, the occupant of which is |
charged with
the exercise of some portion of the sovereign |
|
power of this State. The term
"public office" shall include |
members of the public body, but it shall not
include |
organizational positions filled by members thereof, whether
|
established by law or by a public body itself, that exist to |
assist the
body in the conduct of its business.
|
"Quasi-adjudicative body" means an administrative body |
charged by law or
ordinance with the responsibility to conduct |
hearings, receive evidence or
testimony and make |
determinations based
thereon, but does not include
local |
electoral boards when such bodies are considering petition |
challenges.
|
(e) Final action. No final action may be taken at a closed |
meeting.
Final action shall be preceded by a public recital of |
the nature of the
matter being considered and other |
information that will inform the
public of the business being |
conducted.
|
(Source: P.A. 100-201, eff. 8-18-17; 100-465, eff. 8-31-17; |
100-646, eff. 7-27-18; 101-31, eff. 6-28-19; 101-459, eff. |
8-23-19; revised 9-27-19.)
|
(Text of Section after amendment by P.A. 101-652 )
|
Sec. 2. Open meetings.
|
(a) Openness required. All meetings of public
bodies shall |
be open to the public unless excepted in subsection (c)
and |
closed in accordance with Section 2a.
|
(b) Construction of exceptions. The exceptions contained |
|
in subsection
(c) are in derogation of the requirement that |
public bodies
meet in the open, and therefore, the exceptions |
are to be strictly
construed, extending only to subjects |
clearly within their scope.
The exceptions authorize but do |
not require the holding of
a closed meeting to discuss a |
subject included within an enumerated exception.
|
(c) Exceptions. A public body may hold closed meetings to |
consider the
following subjects:
|
(1) The appointment, employment, compensation, |
discipline, performance,
or dismissal of specific |
employees, specific individuals who serve as independent |
contractors in a park, recreational, or educational |
setting, or specific volunteers of the public body or |
legal counsel for
the public body, including hearing
|
testimony on a complaint lodged against an employee, a |
specific individual who serves as an independent |
contractor in a park, recreational, or educational |
setting, or a volunteer of the public body or
against |
legal counsel for the public body to determine its |
validity. However, a meeting to consider an increase in |
compensation to a specific employee of a public body that |
is subject to the Local Government Wage Increase |
Transparency Act may not be closed and shall be open to the |
public and posted and held in accordance with this Act.
|
(2) Collective negotiating matters between the public |
body and its
employees or their representatives, or |
|
deliberations concerning salary
schedules for one or more |
classes of employees.
|
(3) The selection of a person to fill a public office,
|
as defined in this Act, including a vacancy in a public |
office, when the public
body is given power to appoint |
under law or ordinance, or the discipline,
performance or |
removal of the occupant of a public office, when the |
public body
is given power to remove the occupant under |
law or ordinance.
|
(4) Evidence or testimony presented in open hearing, |
or in closed
hearing where specifically authorized by law, |
to
a quasi-adjudicative body, as defined in this Act, |
provided that the body
prepares and makes available for |
public inspection a written decision
setting forth its |
determinative reasoning.
|
(5) The purchase or lease of real property for the use |
of
the public body, including meetings held for the |
purpose of discussing
whether a particular parcel should |
be acquired.
|
(6) The setting of a price for sale or lease of |
property owned
by the public body.
|
(7) The sale or purchase of securities, investments, |
or investment
contracts. This exception shall not apply to |
the investment of assets or income of funds deposited into |
the Illinois Prepaid Tuition Trust Fund.
|
(8) Security procedures, school building safety and |
|
security, and the use of personnel and
equipment to |
respond to an actual, a threatened, or a reasonably
|
potential danger to the safety of employees, students, |
staff, the public, or
public
property.
|
(9) Student disciplinary cases.
|
(10) The placement of individual students in special |
education
programs and other matters relating to |
individual students.
|
(11) Litigation, when an action against, affecting or |
on behalf of the
particular public body has been filed and |
is pending before a court or
administrative tribunal, or |
when the public body finds that an action is
probable or |
imminent, in which case the basis for the finding shall be
|
recorded and entered into the minutes of the closed |
meeting.
|
(12) The establishment of reserves or settlement of |
claims as provided
in the Local Governmental and |
Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act, if
otherwise the |
disposition of a claim or potential claim might be
|
prejudiced, or the review or discussion of claims, loss or |
risk management
information, records, data, advice or |
communications from or with respect
to any insurer of the |
public body or any intergovernmental risk management
|
association or self insurance pool of which the public |
body is a member.
|
(13) Conciliation of complaints of discrimination in |
|
the sale or rental
of housing, when closed meetings are |
authorized by the law or ordinance
prescribing fair |
housing practices and creating a commission or
|
administrative agency for their enforcement.
|
(14) Informant sources, the hiring or assignment of |
undercover personnel
or equipment, or ongoing, prior or |
future criminal investigations, when
discussed by a public |
body with criminal investigatory responsibilities.
|
(15) Professional ethics or performance when |
considered by an advisory
body appointed to advise a |
licensing or regulatory agency on matters
germane to the |
advisory body's field of competence.
|
(16) Self evaluation, practices and procedures or |
professional ethics,
when meeting with a representative of |
a statewide association of which the
public body is a |
member.
|
(17) The recruitment, credentialing, discipline or |
formal peer review
of physicians or other
health care |
professionals, or for the discussion of matters protected |
under the federal Patient Safety and Quality Improvement |
Act of 2005, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, |
including 42 C.F.R. Part 3 (73 FR 70732), or the federal |
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of |
1996, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, |
including 45 C.F.R. Parts 160, 162, and 164, by a |
hospital, or
other institution providing medical care, |
|
that is operated by the public body.
|
(18) Deliberations for decisions of the Prisoner |
Review Board.
|
(19) Review or discussion of applications received |
under the
Experimental Organ Transplantation Procedures |
Act.
|
(20) The classification and discussion of matters |
classified as
confidential or continued confidential by |
the State Government Suggestion Award
Board.
|
(21) Discussion of minutes of meetings lawfully closed |
under this Act,
whether for purposes of approval by the |
body of the minutes or semi-annual
review of the minutes |
as mandated by Section 2.06.
|
(22) Deliberations for decisions of the State
|
Emergency Medical Services Disciplinary
Review Board.
|
(23) The operation by a municipality of a municipal |
utility or the
operation of a
municipal power agency or |
municipal natural gas agency when the
discussion involves |
(i) contracts relating to the
purchase, sale, or delivery |
of electricity or natural gas or (ii) the results
or |
conclusions of load forecast studies.
|
(24) Meetings of a residential health care facility |
resident sexual
assault and death review
team or
the |
Executive
Council under the Abuse Prevention Review
Team |
Act.
|
(25) Meetings of an independent team of experts under |
|
Brian's Law. |
(26) Meetings of a mortality review team appointed |
under the Department of Juvenile Justice Mortality Review |
Team Act. |
(27) (Blank). |
(28) Correspondence and records (i) that may not be |
disclosed under Section 11-9 of the Illinois Public Aid |
Code or (ii) that pertain to appeals under Section 11-8 of |
the Illinois Public Aid Code. |
(29) Meetings between internal or external auditors |
and governmental audit committees, finance committees, and |
their equivalents, when the discussion involves internal |
control weaknesses, identification of potential fraud risk |
areas, known or suspected frauds, and fraud interviews |
conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing |
standards of the United States of America. |
(30) Those meetings or portions of meetings of a |
fatality review team or the Illinois Fatality Review Team |
Advisory Council during which a review of the death of an |
eligible adult in which abuse or neglect is suspected, |
alleged, or substantiated is conducted pursuant to Section |
15 of the Adult Protective Services Act. |
(31) Meetings and deliberations for decisions of the |
Concealed Carry Licensing Review Board under the Firearm |
Concealed Carry Act. |
(32) Meetings between the Regional Transportation |
|
Authority Board and its Service Boards when the discussion |
involves review by the Regional Transportation Authority |
Board of employment contracts under Section 28d of the |
Metropolitan Transit Authority Act and Sections 3A.18 and |
3B.26 of the Regional Transportation Authority Act. |
(33) Those meetings or portions of meetings of the |
advisory committee and peer review subcommittee created |
under Section 320 of the Illinois Controlled Substances |
Act during which specific controlled substance prescriber, |
dispenser, or patient information is discussed. |
(34) Meetings of the Tax Increment Financing Reform |
Task Force under Section 2505-800 of the Department of |
Revenue Law of the Civil Administrative Code of Illinois. |
(35) Meetings of the group established to discuss |
Medicaid capitation rates under Section 5-30.8 of the |
Illinois Public Aid Code. |
(36) Those deliberations or portions of deliberations |
for decisions of the Illinois Gaming Board in which there |
is discussed any of the following: (i) personal, |
commercial, financial, or other information obtained from |
any source that is privileged, proprietary, confidential, |
or a trade secret; or (ii) information specifically |
exempted from the disclosure by federal or State law. |
(37) Deliberations for decisions of the Illinois Law
|
Enforcement Training Standards Board, the Certification |
Review Panel, and the Illinois State Police Merit Board |
|
regarding certification and decertification. |
(38) Meetings of the Ad Hoc Statewide Domestic
|
Violence Fatality Review Committee of the Illinois |
Criminal
Justice Information Authority Board that occur in |
closed executive session under subsection (d) of Section |
35 of the Domestic Violence Fatality Review Act. |
(39) Meetings of the regional review teams under |
subsection (a) of Section 75 of the Domestic Violence |
Fatality Review Act. |
(d) Definitions. For purposes of this Section:
|
"Employee" means a person employed by a public body whose |
relationship
with the public body constitutes an |
employer-employee relationship under
the usual common law |
rules, and who is not an independent contractor.
|
"Public office" means a position created by or under the
|
Constitution or laws of this State, the occupant of which is |
charged with
the exercise of some portion of the sovereign |
power of this State. The term
"public office" shall include |
members of the public body, but it shall not
include |
organizational positions filled by members thereof, whether
|
established by law or by a public body itself, that exist to |
assist the
body in the conduct of its business.
|
"Quasi-adjudicative body" means an administrative body |
charged by law or
ordinance with the responsibility to conduct |
hearings, receive evidence or
testimony and make |
determinations based
thereon, but does not include
local |
|
electoral boards when such bodies are considering petition |
challenges.
|
(e) Final action. No final action may be taken at a closed |
meeting.
Final action shall be preceded by a public recital of |
the nature of the
matter being considered and other |
information that will inform the
public of the business being |
conducted.
|
(Source: P.A. 100-201, eff. 8-18-17; 100-465, eff. 8-31-17; |
100-646, eff. 7-27-18; 101-31, eff. 6-28-19; 101-459, eff. |
8-23-19; 101-652, eff. 1-1-22.)
|
Section 905. The Freedom of Information Act is amended by |
changing Section 7.5 as follows:
|
(5 ILCS 140/7.5)
|
(Text of Section before amendment by P.A. 101-652 ) |
Sec. 7.5. Statutory exemptions. To the extent provided for |
by the statutes referenced below, the following shall be |
exempt from inspection and copying: |
(a) All information determined to be confidential |
under Section 4002 of the Technology Advancement and |
Development Act. |
(b) Library circulation and order records identifying |
library users with specific materials under the Library |
Records Confidentiality Act. |
(c) Applications, related documents, and medical |
|
records received by the Experimental Organ Transplantation |
Procedures Board and any and all documents or other |
records prepared by the Experimental Organ Transplantation |
Procedures Board or its staff relating to applications it |
has received. |
(d) Information and records held by the Department of |
Public Health and its authorized representatives relating |
to known or suspected cases of sexually transmissible |
disease or any information the disclosure of which is |
restricted under the Illinois Sexually Transmissible |
Disease Control Act. |
(e) Information the disclosure of which is exempted |
under Section 30 of the Radon Industry Licensing Act. |
(f) Firm performance evaluations under Section 55 of |
the Architectural, Engineering, and Land Surveying |
Qualifications Based Selection Act. |
(g) Information the disclosure of which is restricted |
and exempted under Section 50 of the Illinois Prepaid |
Tuition Act. |
(h) Information the disclosure of which is exempted |
under the State Officials and Employees Ethics Act, and |
records of any lawfully created State or local inspector |
general's office that would be exempt if created or |
obtained by an Executive Inspector General's office under |
that Act. |
(i) Information contained in a local emergency energy |
|
plan submitted to a municipality in accordance with a |
local emergency energy plan ordinance that is adopted |
under Section 11-21.5-5 of the Illinois Municipal Code. |
(j) Information and data concerning the distribution |
of surcharge moneys collected and remitted by carriers |
under the Emergency Telephone System Act. |
(k) Law enforcement officer identification information |
or driver identification information compiled by a law |
enforcement agency or the Department of Transportation |
under Section 11-212 of the Illinois Vehicle Code. |
(l) Records and information provided to a residential |
health care facility resident sexual assault and death |
review team or the Executive Council under the Abuse |
Prevention Review Team Act. |
(m) Information provided to the predatory lending |
database created pursuant to Article 3 of the Residential |
Real Property Disclosure Act, except to the extent |
authorized under that Article. |
(n) Defense budgets and petitions for certification of |
compensation and expenses for court appointed trial |
counsel as provided under Sections 10 and 15 of the |
Capital Crimes Litigation Act. This subsection (n) shall |
apply until the conclusion of the trial of the case, even |
if the prosecution chooses not to pursue the death penalty |
prior to trial or sentencing. |
(o) Information that is prohibited from being |
|
disclosed under Section 4 of the Illinois Health and |
Hazardous Substances Registry Act. |
(p) Security portions of system safety program plans, |
investigation reports, surveys, schedules, lists, data, or |
information compiled, collected, or prepared by or for the |
Regional Transportation Authority under Section 2.11 of |
the Regional Transportation Authority Act or the St. Clair |
County Transit District under the Bi-State Transit Safety |
Act. |
(q) Information prohibited from being disclosed by the |
Personnel Record Review Act. |
(r) Information prohibited from being disclosed by the |
Illinois School Student Records Act. |
(s) Information the disclosure of which is restricted |
under Section 5-108 of the Public Utilities Act.
|
(t) All identified or deidentified health information |
in the form of health data or medical records contained |
in, stored in, submitted to, transferred by, or released |
from the Illinois Health Information Exchange, and |
identified or deidentified health information in the form |
of health data and medical records of the Illinois Health |
Information Exchange in the possession of the Illinois |
Health Information Exchange Office due to its |
administration of the Illinois Health Information |
Exchange. The terms "identified" and "deidentified" shall |
be given the same meaning as in the Health Insurance |
|
Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Public Law |
104-191, or any subsequent amendments thereto, and any |
regulations promulgated thereunder. |
(u) Records and information provided to an independent |
team of experts under the Developmental Disability and |
Mental Health Safety Act (also known as Brian's Law). |
(v) Names and information of people who have applied |
for or received Firearm Owner's Identification Cards under |
the Firearm Owners Identification Card Act or applied for |
or received a concealed carry license under the Firearm |
Concealed Carry Act, unless otherwise authorized by the |
Firearm Concealed Carry Act; and databases under the |
Firearm Concealed Carry Act, records of the Concealed |
Carry Licensing Review Board under the Firearm Concealed |
Carry Act, and law enforcement agency objections under the |
Firearm Concealed Carry Act. |
(w) Personally identifiable information which is |
exempted from disclosure under subsection (g) of Section |
19.1 of the Toll Highway Act. |
(x) Information which is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 5-1014.3 of the Counties Code or Section |
8-11-21 of the Illinois Municipal Code. |
(y) Confidential information under the Adult |
Protective Services Act and its predecessor enabling |
statute, the Elder Abuse and Neglect Act, including |
information about the identity and administrative finding |
|
against any caregiver of a verified and substantiated |
decision of abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation of |
an eligible adult maintained in the Registry established |
under Section 7.5 of the Adult Protective Services Act. |
(z) Records and information provided to a fatality |
review team or the Illinois Fatality Review Team Advisory |
Council under Section 15 of the Adult Protective Services |
Act. |
(aa) Information which is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 2.37 of the Wildlife Code. |
(bb) Information which is or was prohibited from |
disclosure by the Juvenile Court Act of 1987. |
(cc) Recordings made under the Law Enforcement |
Officer-Worn Body Camera Act, except to the extent |
authorized under that Act. |
(dd) Information that is prohibited from being |
disclosed under Section 45 of the Condominium and Common |
Interest Community Ombudsperson Act. |
(ee) Information that is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 30.1 of the Pharmacy Practice Act. |
(ff) Information that is exempted from disclosure |
under the Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act. |
(gg) Information that is prohibited from being |
disclosed under Section 7-603.5 of the Illinois Vehicle |
Code. |
(hh) Records that are exempt from disclosure under |
|
Section 1A-16.7 of the Election Code. |
(ii) Information which is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 2505-800 of the Department of Revenue Law of |
the Civil Administrative Code of Illinois. |
(jj) Information and reports that are required to be |
submitted to the Department of Labor by registering day |
and temporary labor service agencies but are exempt from |
disclosure under subsection (a-1) of Section 45 of the Day |
and Temporary Labor Services Act. |
(kk) Information prohibited from disclosure under the |
Seizure and Forfeiture Reporting Act. |
(ll) Information the disclosure of which is restricted |
and exempted under Section 5-30.8 of the Illinois Public |
Aid Code. |
(mm) Records that are exempt from disclosure under |
Section 4.2 of the Crime Victims Compensation Act. |
(nn) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
Section 70 of the Higher Education Student Assistance Act. |
(oo) Communications, notes, records, and reports |
arising out of a peer support counseling session |
prohibited from disclosure under the First Responders |
Suicide Prevention Act. |
(pp) Names and all identifying information relating to |
an employee of an emergency services provider or law |
enforcement agency under the First Responders Suicide |
Prevention Act. |
|
(qq) Information and records held by the Department of |
Public Health and its authorized representatives collected |
under the Reproductive Health Act. |
(rr) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act. |
(ss) Data reported by an employer to the Department of |
Human Rights pursuant to Section 2-108 of the Illinois |
Human Rights Act. |
(tt) Recordings made under the Children's Advocacy |
Center Act, except to the extent authorized under that |
Act. |
(uu) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
Section 50 of the Sexual Assault Evidence Submission Act. |
(vv) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
subsections (f) and (j) of Section 5-36 of the Illinois |
Public Aid Code. |
(ww) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
Section 16.8 of the State Treasurer Act. |
(xx) Information that is exempt from disclosure or |
information that shall not be made public under the |
Illinois Insurance Code. |
(yy) Information prohibited from being disclosed under |
the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Act. |
(zz) Information prohibited from being disclosed under |
the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act. |
(aaa) Information prohibited from being disclosed |
|
under Section 1-167 of the Illinois Pension Code. |
(bbb) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
subsection (k) of Section 11 of the Equal Pay Act of 2003. |
(ddd) Information prohibited from being disclosed |
under subsection (b) of Section 75 of the Domestic |
Violence Fatality Review Act. |
(Source: P.A. 100-20, eff. 7-1-17; 100-22, eff. 1-1-18; |
100-201, eff. 8-18-17; 100-373, eff. 1-1-18; 100-464, eff. |
8-28-17; 100-465, eff. 8-31-17; 100-512, eff. 7-1-18; 100-517, |
eff. 6-1-18; 100-646, eff. 7-27-18; 100-690, eff. 1-1-19; |
100-863, eff. 8-14-18; 100-887, eff. 8-14-18; 101-13, eff. |
6-12-19; 101-27, eff. 6-25-19; 101-81, eff. 7-12-19; 101-221, |
eff. 1-1-20; 101-236, eff. 1-1-20; 101-375, eff. 8-16-19; |
101-377, eff. 8-16-19; 101-452, eff. 1-1-20; 101-466, eff. |
1-1-20; 101-600, eff. 12-6-19; 101-620, eff 12-20-19; 101-649, |
eff. 7-7-20; 101-656, eff. 3-23-21.)
|
(Text of Section after amendment by P.A. 101-652 )
|
Sec. 7.5. Statutory exemptions. To the extent provided for |
by the statutes referenced below, the following shall be |
exempt from inspection and copying: |
(a) All information determined to be confidential |
under Section 4002 of the Technology Advancement and |
Development Act. |
(b) Library circulation and order records identifying |
library users with specific materials under the Library |
|
Records Confidentiality Act. |
(c) Applications, related documents, and medical |
records received by the Experimental Organ Transplantation |
Procedures Board and any and all documents or other |
records prepared by the Experimental Organ Transplantation |
Procedures Board or its staff relating to applications it |
has received. |
(d) Information and records held by the Department of |
Public Health and its authorized representatives relating |
to known or suspected cases of sexually transmissible |
disease or any information the disclosure of which is |
restricted under the Illinois Sexually Transmissible |
Disease Control Act. |
(e) Information the disclosure of which is exempted |
under Section 30 of the Radon Industry Licensing Act. |
(f) Firm performance evaluations under Section 55 of |
the Architectural, Engineering, and Land Surveying |
Qualifications Based Selection Act. |
(g) Information the disclosure of which is restricted |
and exempted under Section 50 of the Illinois Prepaid |
Tuition Act. |
(h) Information the disclosure of which is exempted |
under the State Officials and Employees Ethics Act, and |
records of any lawfully created State or local inspector |
general's office that would be exempt if created or |
obtained by an Executive Inspector General's office under |
|
that Act. |
(i) Information contained in a local emergency energy |
plan submitted to a municipality in accordance with a |
local emergency energy plan ordinance that is adopted |
under Section 11-21.5-5 of the Illinois Municipal Code. |
(j) Information and data concerning the distribution |
of surcharge moneys collected and remitted by carriers |
under the Emergency Telephone System Act. |
(k) Law enforcement officer identification information |
or driver identification information compiled by a law |
enforcement agency or the Department of Transportation |
under Section 11-212 of the Illinois Vehicle Code. |
(l) Records and information provided to a residential |
health care facility resident sexual assault and death |
review team or the Executive Council under the Abuse |
Prevention Review Team Act. |
(m) Information provided to the predatory lending |
database created pursuant to Article 3 of the Residential |
Real Property Disclosure Act, except to the extent |
authorized under that Article. |
(n) Defense budgets and petitions for certification of |
compensation and expenses for court appointed trial |
counsel as provided under Sections 10 and 15 of the |
Capital Crimes Litigation Act. This subsection (n) shall |
apply until the conclusion of the trial of the case, even |
if the prosecution chooses not to pursue the death penalty |
|
prior to trial or sentencing. |
(o) Information that is prohibited from being |
disclosed under Section 4 of the Illinois Health and |
Hazardous Substances Registry Act. |
(p) Security portions of system safety program plans, |
investigation reports, surveys, schedules, lists, data, or |
information compiled, collected, or prepared by or for the |
Regional Transportation Authority under Section 2.11 of |
the Regional Transportation Authority Act or the St. Clair |
County Transit District under the Bi-State Transit Safety |
Act. |
(q) Information prohibited from being disclosed by the |
Personnel Record Review Act. |
(r) Information prohibited from being disclosed by the |
Illinois School Student Records Act. |
(s) Information the disclosure of which is restricted |
under Section 5-108 of the Public Utilities Act.
|
(t) All identified or deidentified health information |
in the form of health data or medical records contained |
in, stored in, submitted to, transferred by, or released |
from the Illinois Health Information Exchange, and |
identified or deidentified health information in the form |
of health data and medical records of the Illinois Health |
Information Exchange in the possession of the Illinois |
Health Information Exchange Office due to its |
administration of the Illinois Health Information |
|
Exchange. The terms "identified" and "deidentified" shall |
be given the same meaning as in the Health Insurance |
Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Public Law |
104-191, or any subsequent amendments thereto, and any |
regulations promulgated thereunder. |
(u) Records and information provided to an independent |
team of experts under the Developmental Disability and |
Mental Health Safety Act (also known as Brian's Law). |
(v) Names and information of people who have applied |
for or received Firearm Owner's Identification Cards under |
the Firearm Owners Identification Card Act or applied for |
or received a concealed carry license under the Firearm |
Concealed Carry Act, unless otherwise authorized by the |
Firearm Concealed Carry Act; and databases under the |
Firearm Concealed Carry Act, records of the Concealed |
Carry Licensing Review Board under the Firearm Concealed |
Carry Act, and law enforcement agency objections under the |
Firearm Concealed Carry Act. |
(w) Personally identifiable information which is |
exempted from disclosure under subsection (g) of Section |
19.1 of the Toll Highway Act. |
(x) Information which is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 5-1014.3 of the Counties Code or Section |
8-11-21 of the Illinois Municipal Code. |
(y) Confidential information under the Adult |
Protective Services Act and its predecessor enabling |
|
statute, the Elder Abuse and Neglect Act, including |
information about the identity and administrative finding |
against any caregiver of a verified and substantiated |
decision of abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation of |
an eligible adult maintained in the Registry established |
under Section 7.5 of the Adult Protective Services Act. |
(z) Records and information provided to a fatality |
review team or the Illinois Fatality Review Team Advisory |
Council under Section 15 of the Adult Protective Services |
Act. |
(aa) Information which is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 2.37 of the Wildlife Code. |
(bb) Information which is or was prohibited from |
disclosure by the Juvenile Court Act of 1987. |
(cc) Recordings made under the Law Enforcement |
Officer-Worn Body Camera Act, except to the extent |
authorized under that Act. |
(dd) Information that is prohibited from being |
disclosed under Section 45 of the Condominium and Common |
Interest Community Ombudsperson Act. |
(ee) Information that is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 30.1 of the Pharmacy Practice Act. |
(ff) Information that is exempted from disclosure |
under the Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act. |
(gg) Information that is prohibited from being |
disclosed under Section 7-603.5 of the Illinois Vehicle |
|
Code. |
(hh) Records that are exempt from disclosure under |
Section 1A-16.7 of the Election Code. |
(ii) Information which is exempted from disclosure |
under Section 2505-800 of the Department of Revenue Law of |
the Civil Administrative Code of Illinois. |
(jj) Information and reports that are required to be |
submitted to the Department of Labor by registering day |
and temporary labor service agencies but are exempt from |
disclosure under subsection (a-1) of Section 45 of the Day |
and Temporary Labor Services Act. |
(kk) Information prohibited from disclosure under the |
Seizure and Forfeiture Reporting Act. |
(ll) Information the disclosure of which is restricted |
and exempted under Section 5-30.8 of the Illinois Public |
Aid Code. |
(mm) Records that are exempt from disclosure under |
Section 4.2 of the Crime Victims Compensation Act. |
(nn) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
Section 70 of the Higher Education Student Assistance Act. |
(oo) Communications, notes, records, and reports |
arising out of a peer support counseling session |
prohibited from disclosure under the First Responders |
Suicide Prevention Act. |
(pp) Names and all identifying information relating to |
an employee of an emergency services provider or law |
|
enforcement agency under the First Responders Suicide |
Prevention Act. |
(qq) Information and records held by the Department of |
Public Health and its authorized representatives collected |
under the Reproductive Health Act. |
(rr) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act. |
(ss) Data reported by an employer to the Department of |
Human Rights pursuant to Section 2-108 of the Illinois |
Human Rights Act. |
(tt) Recordings made under the Children's Advocacy |
Center Act, except to the extent authorized under that |
Act. |
(uu) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
Section 50 of the Sexual Assault Evidence Submission Act. |
(vv) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
subsections (f) and (j) of Section 5-36 of the Illinois |
Public Aid Code. |
(ww) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
Section 16.8 of the State Treasurer Act. |
(xx) Information that is exempt from disclosure or |
information that shall not be made public under the |
Illinois Insurance Code. |
(yy) Information prohibited from being disclosed under |
the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Act. |
(zz) Information prohibited from being disclosed under |
|
the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act. |
(aaa) Information prohibited from being disclosed |
under Section 1-167 of the Illinois Pension Code. |
(bbb) Information that is exempt from disclosure under |
subsection (k) of Section 11 of the Equal Pay Act of 2003. |
(ccc) (bbb) Information that is prohibited from |
disclosure by the Illinois Police Training Act and the |
State Police Act. |
(ddd) Information prohibited from being disclosed |
under subsection (b) of Section 75 of the Domestic |
Violence Fatality Review Act. |
(Source: P.A. 100-20, eff. 7-1-17; 100-22, eff. 1-1-18; |
100-201, eff. 8-18-17; 100-373, eff. 1-1-18; 100-464, eff. |
8-28-17; 100-465, eff. 8-31-17; 100-512, eff. 7-1-18; 100-517, |
eff. 6-1-18; 100-646, eff. 7-27-18; 100-690, eff. 1-1-19; |
100-863, eff. 8-14-18; 100-887, eff. 8-14-18; 101-13, eff. |
6-12-19; 101-27, eff. 6-25-19; 101-81, eff. 7-12-19; 101-221, |
eff. 1-1-20; 101-236, eff. 1-1-20; 101-375, eff. 8-16-19; |
101-377, eff. 8-16-19; 101-452, eff. 1-1-20; 101-466, eff. |
1-1-20; 101-600, eff. 12-6-19; 101-620, eff 12-20-19; 101-649, |
eff. 7-7-20; 101-652, eff. 1-1-22; 101-656, eff. 3-23-21; |
revised 4-21-21.)
|
Section 995. No acceleration or delay. Where this Act |
makes changes in a statute that is represented in this Act by |
text that is not yet or no longer in effect (for example, a |