Bill Text: NJ A3831 | 2024-2025 | Regular Session | Introduced
Bill Title: Expands definition of "qualifying land" to include certain deeds of easement excluding certain portions of farm from preservation.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 1-0)
Status: (Introduced) 2024-02-22 - Introduced, Referred to Assembly Commerce, Economic Development and Agriculture Committee [A3831 Detail]
Download: New_Jersey-2024-A3831-Introduced.html
Sponsored by:
Assemblyman ALEX SAUICKIE
District 12 (Burlington, Middlesex, Monmouth and Ocean)
SYNOPSIS
Expands definition of "qualifying land" to include certain deeds of easement excluding certain portions of farm from preservation.
CURRENT VERSION OF TEXT
As introduced.
An Act concerning qualifying land and rural microenterprise special permits, and amending section 1 of P.L.2005, c.314.
Be It Enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey:
1. Section 1 of P.L.2005, c.314 (C.4:1C-32.1) is amended to read as follows:
1. a. Any person who owns qualifying land may apply for a special permit pursuant to this section to allow a rural microenterprise activity to occur on the land.
b. The committee, in its sole discretion, may issue a special permit pursuant to this section to the owner of the premises if the development easement is owned by the committee or a board. If the development easement is owned by a qualifying tax exempt nonprofit organization, the committee, in consultation with the qualifying tax exempt nonprofit organization, may issue a special permit pursuant to this section to the owner of the premises. The committee shall provide the holder of any development easement on the farm with a copy of the application submitted for the purposes of subsection a. of this section, and the holder of the development easement shall have 30 days after the date of receipt thereof to provide comments to the committee on the application. Within 90 days after receipt of a completed application, submitted for the purposes of subsection a. of this section, the committee shall approve, approve with conditions, or disapprove the application.
c. There shall be two categories of rural microenterprise activities, as follows:
(1) Class 1 shall include customary rural activities, which rely on the equipment and aptitude historically possessed by the agricultural community, such as snow plowing, bed and breakfasts, bakeries, woodworking, and craft-based businesses; and
(2) Class 2 shall include agriculture support services, which have a direct and positive impact on agriculture by supplying needed equipment, supplies, and services to the surrounding agricultural community, such as veterinary practices, seed suppliers, and tractor or equipment repair shops.
d. A special permit may be issued pursuant to this section provided that:
(1) the owner of the premises establishes, through the submission of tax forms, sales receipts, or other appropriate documentation, as directed by the committee, that (a) the qualifying land is a commercial farm as defined pursuant to section 3 of P.L.1983, c.31 (C.4:1C-3), and (b) the owner of the premises is a farmer, as defined pursuant to subsection k. of this section;
(2) the permit is for one rural microenterprise only;
(3) no more than one permit is valid at any one time for use on the qualifying land;
(4) the permit is for a maximum duration of 20 years;
(5) the permit does not run with the land and may not be assigned;
(6) the rural microenterprise does not interfere with the use of the qualifying land for agricultural or horticultural production;
(7) the rural microenterprise utilizes the land and structures in their existing condition, except as allowed in accordance with the use restrictions prescribed in subsection g. of this section;
(8) the total area of land and structures devoted to supporting the rural microenterprise does not exceed a one-acre envelope on the qualifying land;
(9) the rural microenterprise does not have an adverse impact upon the soils, water resources, air quality, or other natural resources of the land or the surrounding area; and
(10) the rural microenterprise is not a high traffic volume business, and is undertaken in compliance with the parking and employment restrictions prescribed by subsection h. of this section.
e. The owner of the premises may apply to the committee to renew a permit within 10 years before the date of the scheduled permit expiration. The committee shall review the renewal application in accordance with the process and criteria set forth in this section for the issuance of a special permit, including the consultation required by subsection b. of this section.
f. The committee shall provide reasonable opportunity for the continued operation of a rural microenterprise in the event of:
(1) the death, incapacitation, or retirement of the owner of the premises;
(2) transfer of the ownership of the farm; or
(3) disruption of income from gross sales of agricultural or horticultural products, caused by circumstances beyond the farmer's control, such as crop failure.
g. The use of land and structures for a rural microenterprise activity shall be subject to the following conditions and restrictions:
(1) A structure that is designated in the deed of easement as agricultural labor housing, or a structure that has been constructed or designated as agricultural labor housing since the date of the conveyance of the easement, shall not be used for the rural microenterprise;
(2) No new structures may be constructed on the premises to support a rural microenterprise. Any structure constructed on the premises since the date of the conveyance of the easement, and in accordance with the farmland preservation deed restrictions, shall not be eligible for a special permit for a rural microenterprise for a period of five years following completion of its construction;
(3) Improvements shall not be made to the interior of a non-residential structure in order to adapt it for residential use;
(4) The entire floor area of existing residential or agricultural building space may be used to support a rural microenterprise where the building has not been substantially altered or finished to support the microenterprise;
(5) No more than 2,500 square feet of the interior of existing residential or agricultural building space may be substantially altered or finished to support the rural microenterprise, except that, at the request of the owner of the premises, the committee may allow the alteration or finishing of up to 100 percent of an existing heritage farm structure, provided that the owner agrees to place on the structure, in a form approved by the committee, a heritage preservation easement, which shall be recorded against the premises, shall be held by the committee, and shall run with the land;
(6) The expansion of existing building space shall be permitted, provided that: (a) the expansion does not exceed 500 square feet in total footprint area; (b) the purpose or use of the expansion is necessary to the operation or functioning of the rural microenterprise; and (c) the area of the proposed footprint of the expansion is reasonably calculated, based solely upon the demands of accommodating the rural microenterprise, and does not incorporate excess space;
(7) Improvements to the exterior of a structure shall be compatible with the agricultural character of the premises, and shall not diminish the historic or cultural character of the structure;
(8) Repairs may be made to the interior or exterior of a building provided that they do not diminish the historic or cultural character of the structure;
(9) The location, design, height, and aesthetic attributes of the rural microenterprise shall reflect the public interest of preserving the natural and unadulterated appearance of the landscape and structures;
(10) No public utilities, including water, gas, or sewage, other than those already existing and available on the qualifying land, shall be permitted to be extended to the qualifying land for purposes of the rural microenterprise, except that the establishment of new electric service required for the rural microenterprise shall be permitted;
(11) On-site septic and well facilities may be established, expanded, or improved for the purpose of supporting the rural microenterprise provided such facilities are contained within the one-acre envelope provided for in paragraph (8) of subsection d. of this section; and
(12) No more than a combined total of 5,000 square feet of land may be utilized for the outside storage of equipment, vehicles, supplies, products, or by-products, in association with the microenterprise. Any improvements to the land that are undertaken for the purposes described in this paragraph or paragraph (11) of this subsection shall be limited to those that are necessary either to protect public health and safety or to minimize disturbance of the premises and its soil and water resources.
h. Parking and employment at a rural microenterprise shall be subject to the following conditions and restrictions:
(1) The area dedicated to customer parking shall not exceed 2,000 square feet or provide for more than 10 parking spaces;
(2) Improvements to the parking area shall be limited to those improvements that are required to protect public health and safety or minimize the disturbance of soil and water resources on the premises;
(3) The number of parking spaces shall be sufficient to accommodate visitors to the rural microenterprise under normal conditions; and
(4) At peak operational periods, the maximum number of employees or workers who are associated with the rural microenterprise and work on the premises shall not exceed four full-time employees, or the equivalent, in addition to the owner or operator.
i. Committee approval of a special permit for a rural microenterprise activity pursuant to this section shall not relieve the applicant from obtaining all other permits, approvals, or authorizations that may be required by federal, State, or local law, rule, regulation, or ordinance.
j. (1) A rural microenterprise shall not be considered to be an agricultural use as defined in subsection b. of section 3 of P.L.1983, c.32 (C.4:1C-13).
(2) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted as providing a rural microenterprise with protection under section 6 of the "Right to Farm Act," P.L.1983, c.31 (C.4:1C-9) if that rural microenterprise is not otherwise eligible for such protection.
k. For the purposes of this section:
"Farmer" means the owner and operator of the premises who:
(1) exclusive of any income received from the rental of lands, realized gross sales of at least $2,500 for agricultural or horticultural products produced on the premises during the calendar year immediately preceding submission of a special permit application; and
(2) continues to own and operate the premises and meet that income threshold every year during the term of the permit.
"Heritage farm structure" means a building or structure that is significantly representative of New Jersey's agrarian history or culture and that has been designated as such by the committee exclusively for the purposes of sections 1 and 3 of P.L.2005, c.314 (C.4:1C-32.1 and C.4:1C-32.3).
"Heritage preservation easement" means an interest in land less than fee simple absolute, stated in the form of a deed restriction executed by or on behalf of the owner of the land, appropriate to preserving a building or structure that is significant for its value or importance to New Jersey's agrarian history or culture, and to be used exclusively for the purposes of implementing sections 1 and 3 of P.L.2005, c.314 (C.4:1C-32.1 and C.4:1C-32.3), to limit alteration in exterior form or features of such building or structure.
"Owner of the premises" means the person or entity who owns qualifying land.
"Qualifying land" means a farm:
(1) on which a
development easement was conveyed to, or retained by, the committee, a board,
or a qualifying tax exempt nonprofit organization prior to January 12, 2006,
the date of enactment of P.L.2005, c.314 (C.4:1C-32.1 et seq.), and in
accordance with the provisions of section 24 of P.L.1983,
c.32 (C.4:1C-31), section 5 of P.L.1988, c.4 (C.4:1C-31.1), section 1 of
P.L.1989, c.28 (C.4:1C-38), section 1 of P.L.1999, c.180
(C.4:1C-43.1), or sections 37 through 40 of P.L.1999, c.152 (C.13:8C-37 through
C.13:8C-40) [,] ; and
(2) for which , either no portion of the farm was excluded from preservation in the deed of easement , or the portion of the farm excluded from preservation in the deed of easement was so excluded (a) due to encroachment of neighboring property or an area of clouded title, or (b) for the purposes or benefit of a third party other than the landowner, such as, but not limited to, a road right-of-way, or utility easement.
"Qualifying tax exempt nonprofit organization" means the same as that term is defined pursuant to section 3 of P.L.1999, c.152 (C.13:8C-3).
"Rural microenterprise" means a small-scale business or activity that is fully compatible with agricultural use and production on the premises, does not, at any time, detract from, diminish, or interfere with the agricultural use of the premises, and is incidental to the agricultural use of the premises. "Rural microenterprise" shall not include a personal wireless service facility as defined and regulated pursuant to section 2 of P.L.2005, c.314 (C.4:1C-32.2).
(cf: P.L.2015, c.275, s.2)
2. This act shall take effect immediately.
STATEMENT
This bill amends the definition of "qualifying land" under P.L.2005, c.314 (C.4:1C-32.1 et seq.) to include farms on which a portion of the farm was excluded from preservation in the deed of easement due to encroachment of neighboring property or an area of clouded title, or for the purposes or benefit of a third party other than the landowner, including purposes or benefits such as a road right-of-way, or utility easement. For example, if a portion of a preserved farm is excluded from preservation because the farm behind the preserved farm requires the deed of easement to have an access road through the preserved farm, which the owner of the preserved farm does not require, the owner of the portion of the preserved farm on which the deed of easement is imposed for this reason should not be disqualified from applying for a special permit for a rural microenterprise activity.
A rural microenterprise, by definition under the law, is a small-scale business or activity that: (1) is fully compatible with agricultural use and production on the premises; (2) does not, at any time, detract from, diminish, or interfere with the agricultural use of the premises; and (3) is incidental to the agricultural use of the premises. Being able to operate a rural microenterprise is crucial for many farmers who are struggling to keep their farming operations viable in a challenging economy.
