Bill Text: NY A01380 | 2023-2024 | General Assembly | Introduced
Bill Title: Allows certain interactive poker games be considered games of skill rather than games of luck; includes definitions, authorization, required safeguards and minimum standards, the scope of licensing review and state tax implications; makes corresponding penal law amendments.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)
Status: (Introduced) 2024-01-03 - referred to racing and wagering [A01380 Detail]
Download: New_York-2023-A01380-Introduced.html
STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 1380 2023-2024 Regular Sessions IN ASSEMBLY January 17, 2023 ___________ Introduced by M. of A. PRETLOW -- read once and referred to the Commit- tee on Racing and Wagering AN ACT to amend the racing, pari-mutuel wagering and breeding law and the penal law, in relation to allowing certain interactive poker games The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. The racing, pari-mutuel wagering and breeding law is 2 amended by adding a new article 15 to read as follows: 3 ARTICLE 15 4 INTERACTIVE GAMING 5 Section 1500. Legislative findings and purpose. 6 1501. Definitions. 7 1502. Authorization. 8 1503. Required safeguards/minimum standards. 9 1504. Scope of licensing review. 10 1505. State tax. 11 1506. Disposition of taxes. 12 § 1500. Legislative findings and purpose. The legislature hereby finds 13 and declares that: 1. Under the New York penal law a person engages in 14 gambling when he or she stakes or risks something of value upon the 15 outcome of a contest of chance or a future contingent event not under 16 his or her control or influence, upon an agreement or understanding that 17 he or she will receive something of value in the event of a certain 18 outcome. 19 2. A contest of chance is defined as any contest, game, gaming scheme 20 or gaming device in which the outcome depends in a material degree upon 21 an element of chance, notwithstanding that skill of the contestants may 22 also be a factor therein. (Subdivision 1 of section 225.00 of the penal 23 law). Thus, games of chance may involve some skill, but in those games 24 the level of skill does not determine the outcome regardless of the 25 degree of skill employed. See People v. Turner, 165 Misc. 2d 222, 224, EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [] is old law to be omitted. LBD04386-01-3A. 1380 2 1 629 N.Y.S.2d 661, 662 (Crim. Ct. 1995). On the other hand, where a 2 contest pits the skill levels of the players against each other, New 3 York courts have found a game to be one of skill rather than chance. See 4 People v. Hunt, 162 Misc. 2d 70, 72, 616 N.Y.S.2d 168, 170 (Crim. Ct. 5 1994) ("Played fairly, skill rather than chance is the material compo- 6 nent of three-card monte."); 7 3. Poker in many instances has been defined as a game of skill and a 8 New York federal court in U.S. v. DiCristina, 886 F. Supp. 2d 164, 224, 9 assessed that under federal law poker was predominantly a game of skill; 10 4. New York courts have interpreted New York law to apply a more 11 rigorous test in identifying a "contest of chance" than is applied by 12 most states in this nation and the courts have found that where a 13 contest pits the skill levels of the players against each other, those 14 games are games of skill and not games of chance. Furthermore, the 15 courts have not limited the legislature's ability to determine that 16 certain forms of poker should fall outside the general definition of 17 gambling since those games are games of skill; 18 5. Texas Hold'em poker involves two cards dealt face down to each 19 player and then five community cards placed face-up by the dealer, a 20 series of three, then two additional single cards, with players deter- 21 mining whether to check, bet, raise or fold after each deal. Omaha 22 Hold'em poker is a similar game, in which each player is dealt four 23 cards and makes his or her best hand using exactly two of them, plus 24 exactly three of the five community cards. These games are considered to 25 be complex forms of poker which involve player strategy and decision- 26 making and which pit the skill levels of the players against each other. 27 As games of skill, these forms of poker do not fall under the definition 28 of gambling as prohibited by the penal law; and 29 6. The legislature further finds that as the internet has become an 30 integral part of society, and internet poker a major form of enter- 31 tainment for many consumers, any interactive gaming enforcement and 32 regulatory structure must begin from the bedrock premise that partic- 33 ipation in a lawful and licensed gaming industry is a privilege and not 34 a right, and that regulatory oversight is intended to safeguard the 35 integrity of the games and participants and to ensure accountability and 36 the public trust. 37 § 1501. Definitions. As used in this article, the following terms 38 shall have the following meanings: 39 1. "Authorized game" means Omaha Hold'em and Texas Hold'em poker, as 40 well as any other poker game that the commission determines is the mate- 41 rial equivalent of either of those, whether in a cash game or tourna- 42 ment. 43 2. "Authorized participants" means persons who are either physically 44 present in this state when placing a wager or who otherwise are permit- 45 ted by applicable law, as determined by the commission, to place a 46 wager. The intermediate routing of electronic data in connection with 47 interactive gaming shall not determine the location or locations in 48 which a wager is initiated, received or otherwise made. 49 3. "Core function" means any of the following: (a) the management, 50 administration or control of wagers on interactive gaming; (b) the 51 management, administration or control of the games with which those 52 wagers are associated; or (c) the development, maintenance, provision or 53 operation of an interactive gaming platform. 54 4. "Commission" means the New York state gaming commission.A. 1380 3 1 5. "Division" means the division of gaming, established under para- 2 graph (c) of subdivision two of section one hundred three of this chap- 3 ter. 4 6. "Interactive gaming" means the conduct of games through the use of 5 the internet or other communications technology that allows a person, 6 utilizing money, checks, electronic checks, electronic transfers of 7 money, credit cards, debit cards or any other instrumentality, to trans- 8 mit to a computer information to assist in the placing of a wager and 9 corresponding information related to the display of the game, game 10 outcomes or other similar information. The term does not include the 11 conduct of (a) non-gambling games that do not otherwise require a 12 license under state or federal law; or (b) games that occur entirely 13 among participants who are located on a licensed casino premises. For 14 purposes of this provision, "communications technology" means any method 15 used and the components employed by an establishment to facilitate the 16 transmission of information, including, without limitation, transmission 17 and reception by systems based on wire, cable, radio, microwave, light, 18 optics or computer data networks, including, without limitation, the 19 internet and intranets. 20 7. "Interactive gaming gross revenue" means the total of all sums paid 21 to a licensee from interactive gaming involving authorized participants, 22 less only the total of all sums paid out as winnings to patrons and 23 promotional gaming credits; provided, however, that the cash equivalent 24 value of any merchandise or other non-cash thing of value included in a 25 contest or tournament shall not be included in the total of all sums 26 paid out as winnings to players for purposes of determining interactive 27 gaming gross revenue. 28 (a) Neither amounts deposited with a licensee for purposes of interac- 29 tive gaming nor amounts taken in fraudulent acts perpetrated against a 30 licensee for which the licensee is not reimbursed shall be considered to 31 have been "paid" to the licensee for purposes of calculating interactive 32 gaming gross revenue. 33 (b) "Promotional gaming credit" includes bonuses, promotions and any 34 amount received by a licensee from a patron for which the licensee can 35 demonstrate that it or its affiliate has not received cash. 36 8. "Interactive gaming platform" means the combination of hardware, 37 software and data networks used to manage, administer or control wagers 38 on interactive gaming or the games with which those wagers are associ- 39 ated. 40 9. "Internet" means a computer network of interoperable packet- 41 switched data networks. 42 10. "Licensee" means a person who is licensed by the commission to 43 offer interactive gaming, using an interactive gaming platform to 44 authorized participants. A licensee may utilize multiple interactive 45 gaming platforms provided that each platform is approved by the commis- 46 sion. 47 11. "Omaha Hold'em poker" means the poker game marketed as Omaha 48 Hold'em poker or Omaha poker in which each player is dealt four cards 49 and must make his or her best hand using exactly two of them, plus 50 exactly three of the five community cards. 51 12. "Significant vendor" means any person who offers or who proposes 52 to offer any of the following services with respect to interactive 53 gaming: (a) a core function; (b) sale, licensing or other receipt of 54 compensation for selling or licensing a database or customer list of 55 individuals residing in the United States selected in whole or in part 56 because they placed wagers or participated in gambling games with orA. 1380 4 1 through an internet website or operator (or any derivative of such a 2 database or customer list); (c) provision of any trademark, tradename, 3 service mark or similar intellectual property under which a licensee or 4 significant vendor identifies interactive games to customers; or (d) 5 provision of any product, service or asset to a licensee or significant 6 vendor in return for a percentage of interactive gaming revenue (not 7 including fees to financial institutions and payment providers for 8 facilitating a deposit or withdrawal by an authorized participant). The 9 term "significant vendor" shall not include a provider of goods or 10 services to a licensee that are not specifically designed for use and 11 not principally used in connection with interactive gaming. 12 13. "Texas Hold'em poker" means the type of poker marketed as Texas 13 Hold'em poker that involves two cards being dealt face down to each 14 player and then five community cards being placed face-up by the dealer, 15 a series of three then two additional single cards, with players having 16 the option to check, bet, raise or fold after each deal. 17 § 1502. Authorization. 1. The commission shall, within one hundred 18 eighty days of the date this article becomes law, promulgate regulations 19 to implement interactive gaming in this state and shall authorize up to 20 eleven licenses to operate interactive gaming involving authorized 21 participants, subject to the provisions of this article and other appli- 22 cable provisions of law. 23 2. Applicants eligible to apply for a license pursuant to this article 24 shall be those entities: 25 (a) licensed by the state pursuant to section sixteen hundred seven- 26 teen-a of the tax law to operate video lottery gaming and has experience 27 in the operation of interactive gaming by being licensed in a state with 28 comparable licensing requirements or guarantees acquisition of adequate 29 business competence and experience in the operation of interactive 30 gaming; or 31 (b) licensed by the state to operate a class III gaming facility 32 pursuant to article thirteen of this chapter and has experience in the 33 operation of interactive gaming by being licensed in a state with compa- 34 rable licensing requirements or guarantees acquisition of adequate busi- 35 ness competence and experience in the operation of interactive gaming. 36 3. The commission shall, to the extent practicable, issue licenses to 37 multiple applicants no sooner than one hundred eighty days after the 38 promulgation of regulations in order to ensure a robust and competitive 39 market for consumers and to prevent early licensees from gaining an 40 unfair competitive advantage. 41 4. No person may operate, manage or make available an interactive 42 gaming platform or act as a significant vendor with respect to interac- 43 tive gaming that is offered to persons located in this state unless 44 licensed by the commission pursuant to this article and only those games 45 authorized by the commission shall be permitted. 46 5. License applicants may form a partnership, joint venture or other 47 contractual arrangement in order to facilitate the purposes of this 48 article. 49 6. Any person found suitable by the commission may be issued a license 50 as an operator or significant vendor pursuant to this article. In deter- 51 mining suitability, the commission shall consider those factors it deems 52 relevant in its discretion, including but not limited to: 53 (a) Whether the applicant is a person of good character, honesty and 54 integrity; 55 (b) Whether the applicant is person whose prior activities, criminal 56 record, if any, reputation, habits and associations do not:A. 1380 5 1 (i) pose a threat to the public interest or to the effective regu- 2 lation and control of interactive gaming; or 3 (ii) create or enhance the dangers of unsuitable, unfair or illegal 4 practices, methods and activities in the conduct of interactive gaming 5 or in the carrying on of the business and financial arrangements inci- 6 dental to such gaming; 7 (c) Whether the applicant is capable of and likely to conduct the 8 activities for which the applicant is licensed in accordance with the 9 provisions of this article, any regulations prescribed under this arti- 10 cle and all other applicable laws; 11 (d) Whether the applicant has or guarantees acquisition of adequate 12 business competence and experience in the operation of licensed gaming 13 or of interactive gaming in this state or in a state with comparable 14 licensing requirements; and 15 (e) Whether the applicant has or will obtain sufficient financing for 16 the nature of the proposed operation and from a suitable source. 17 7. The commission further shall develop standards by which to evaluate 18 and approve interactive gaming platforms for use with interactive 19 gaming. Interactive gaming platforms must be approved by the commission 20 before being used by a licensee or significant vendor to conduct inter- 21 active gaming in this state. 22 8. The commission shall require all licensees to pay a one-time fee of 23 ten million dollars. Such fee paid by each licensee shall be applied to 24 satisfy, in whole or in part, as applicable, that licensee's tax obli- 25 gation pursuant to section fifteen hundred five of this article in sixty 26 equal monthly installments, allocated to each of the first sixty months 27 of tax owed after the licensee has begun operating interactive gaming 28 pursuant to this article. No amounts not required to be used to satisfy 29 such tax obligation during that period shall be allocated to payment of 30 such tax obligation after that period. 31 9. Licenses issued by the commission shall remain in effect for ten 32 years. 33 10. The commission, by regulation, may authorize and promulgate any 34 rules necessary to implement agreements with other states, or authorized 35 agencies thereof (a) to enable patrons in those states to participate in 36 interactive gaming offered by licensees under this article or (b) to 37 enable patrons in this state to participate in interactive gaming 38 offered by licensees under the laws of those other states, provided that 39 such other state or authorized agency applies suitability standards and 40 review materially consistent with the provisions of this article. 41 11. Any regulations adopted pursuant to subdivision ten of this 42 section must set forth provisions that address: 43 (a) Any arrangements to share revenue between New York and any other 44 state or agency within another state; and 45 (b) Arrangements to ensure the integrity of interactive gaming offered 46 pursuant to any such agreement and the protection of patrons located in 47 this state. 48 12. The commission may delegate its responsibilities to administer the 49 provisions of this article to the division, as it sees fit, except for 50 its responsibilities to approve licenses. 51 § 1503. Required safeguards/minimum standards. The commission shall 52 require licensees to implement measures to meet the standards set out in 53 this section, along with such other standards that the commission in its 54 discretion may choose to require.A. 1380 6 1 (a) Appropriate safeguards to ensure, to a reasonable degree of 2 certainty, that participants in interactive gaming are not younger than 3 twenty-one years of age. 4 (b) Appropriate safeguards to ensure, to a reasonable degree of 5 certainty, that participants in interactive gaming are physically 6 located within the state or such other jurisdiction that the commission 7 has determined to be permissible. 8 (c) Appropriate safeguards to protect, to a reasonable degree of 9 certainty, the privacy and online security of participants in interac- 10 tive gaming. 11 (d) Appropriate safeguards to ensure, to a reasonable degree of 12 certainty, that the interactive gaming is fair and honest and that 13 appropriate measures are in place to deter, detect and, to the extent 14 reasonably possible, to prevent cheating, including collusion, and use 15 of cheating devices, including use of software programs (sometimes 16 referred to as "bots") that make bets or wagers according to algorithms. 17 (e) Appropriate safeguards to minimize compulsive gaming and to 18 provide notice to participants of resources to help problem gamblers. 19 (f) Appropriate safeguards to ensure participants' funds are held in 20 accounts segregated from the funds of licensees and otherwise are 21 protected from corporate insolvency, financial risk or criminal or civil 22 actions against the licensee. 23 § 1504. Scope of licensing review. 1. In connection with any license 24 issued pursuant to this article, the licensee, significant vendor or 25 applicant shall identify and the commission shall review the suitability 26 of such licensee's, significant vendor's or applicant's owner, chief 27 executive officer, chief financial officer and any other officer or 28 employee who the commission deems is significantly involved in the 29 management or control of the licensee, significant vendor or applicant 30 or of the interactive gaming platform. "Owner" for purposes of this 31 provision means any person who directly or indirectly holds any benefi- 32 cial or ownership interest in the applicant of five percent or greater 33 or any amount of ownership that the commission determines to be signif- 34 icant ownership of the licensee, significant vendor, or applicant. 35 2. Institutional investors are subject to the provisions set out in 36 this section. 37 (a) An institutional investor holding under twenty-five percent of the 38 equity securities of a licensee's or significant vendor's (or appli- 39 cant's) holding or intermediary companies, shall be granted a waiver of 40 any investigation of suitability or other requirement if such securities 41 are those of a corporation, whether publicly traded or privately held, 42 and its holdings of such securities were purchased for investment 43 purposes only and it files a certified statement to the effect that it 44 has no intention of influencing or affecting the affairs of the issuer, 45 the licensee (or significant vendor or applicant, as applicable) or its 46 holding or intermediary companies; provided, however, that it shall be 47 permitted to vote on matters put to the vote of the outstanding security 48 holders. The commission may grant such a waiver to an institutional 49 investor holding a higher percentage of such securities upon a showing 50 of good cause and if the conditions specified above are met. Any insti- 51 tutional investor granted a waiver under this paragraph which subse- 52 quently determines to influence or affect the affairs of the issuer 53 shall provide not less than thirty days' notice of such intent and shall 54 file with the commission a request for determination of suitability 55 before taking any action that may influence or affect the affairs of the 56 issuer; provided, however, that it shall be permitted to vote on mattersA. 1380 7 1 put to the vote of the outstanding security holders. If an institutional 2 investor changes its investment intent, or if the commission finds 3 reasonable cause to believe that the institutional investor may be found 4 unsuitable, no action other than divestiture shall be taken by such 5 investor with respect to its security holdings until there has been 6 compliance with any requirements established by the commission, which 7 may include the execution of a trust agreement. The licensee (or signif- 8 icant vendor or applicant, as applicable) and its relevant holding, 9 intermediary or subsidiary company shall notify the commission imme- 10 diately of any information about, or actions of, an institutional inves- 11 tor holding its equity securities where such information or action may 12 impact upon the eligibility of such institutional investor for a waiver 13 pursuant to this paragraph. 14 (b) If at any time the commission finds that an institutional investor 15 holding any security of a holding or intermediary company of a licensee 16 or significant vendor or applicant, or, where relevant, of another 17 subsidiary company of a holding or intermediary company of a licensee or 18 significant vendor or applicant which is related in any way to the 19 financing of the licensee or significant vendor or applicant, fails to 20 comply with the terms of paragraph (a) of this section, or if at any 21 time the commission finds that, by reason of the extent or nature of its 22 holdings, an institutional investor is in a position to exercise such a 23 substantial impact upon the controlling interests of a licensee or 24 significant vendor or applicant that investigation and determination of 25 suitability of the institutional investor is necessary to protect the 26 public interest, the commission may take any necessary action otherwise 27 authorized under this article to protect the public interest. 28 (c) For purposes of this section, an "institutional investor" shall 29 mean any retirement fund administered by a public agency for the exclu- 30 sive benefit of federal, state, or local public employees; investment 31 company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. § 32 80a-1 et seq.); collective investment trust organized by banks under 33 Part Nine of the Rules of the Comptroller of the Currency; closed end 34 investment trust; chartered or licensed life insurance company or prop- 35 erty and casualty insurance company; banking and other chartered or 36 licensed lending institution; investment advisor registered under The 37 Investment Advisors Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. § 80b-1 et seq.); and such 38 other persons as the commission may determine for reasons consistent 39 with the public interest. 40 § 1505. State tax. Licensees engaged in the business of conducting 41 interactive gaming pursuant to this article shall pay a privilege tax 42 based on the licensee's interactive gaming gross revenue at a fifteen 43 percent rate. 44 § 1506. Disposition of taxes. The commission shall pay into the state 45 lottery fund all taxes imposed by this article; any interest and penal- 46 ties imposed by the commission relating to those taxes; all penalties 47 levied and collected by the commission; and the appropriate funds, cash 48 or prizes forfeited from interactive gaming. 49 § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 225.00 of the penal law is amended to 50 read as follows: 51 1. "Contest of chance" means any contest, game, gaming scheme or 52 gaming device in which the outcome depends [in a material degree] 53 predominantly upon an element of chance, notwithstanding that skill of 54 the contestants may also be a factor therein. 55 § 3. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 225.36 to read 56 as follows:A. 1380 8 1 § 225.36 Interactive gaming offenses and exceptions. 2 1. The knowing and willful offering of unlicensed interactive gaming 3 to persons in this state, or the knowing and willful provision of 4 services with respect thereto, shall constitute a gambling offense under 5 this article. 6 2. Licensed interactive gaming activities under section fifteen 7 hundred two of the racing, pari-mutuel wagering and breeding law shall 8 not be a gambling offense under this article. 9 3. A person offering unlicensed interactive gaming to persons in this 10 state shall be liable for all taxes set forth in section fifteen hundred 11 five of the racing, pari-mutuel wagering and breeding law in the same 12 manner and amounts as if such person were a licensee. Timely payment of 13 such taxes shall not constitute a defense to any prosecution or other 14 proceeding in connection with the interactive gaming except for a prose- 15 cution or proceeding alleging failure to make such payment. 16 § 4. Severability clause. If any provision of this act or application 17 thereof shall for any reason be adjudged by any court of competent 18 jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or 19 invalidate the remainder of the act, but shall be confined in its opera- 20 tion to the provision thereof directly involved in the controversy in 21 which the judgment shall have been rendered. 22 § 5. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after 23 it shall have become a law.
