Bill Text: MI SB0585 | 2023-2024 | 102nd Legislature | Introduced
Bill Title: Energy: alternative sources; solar, wind, and storage facilities of 100 MW or more; authorize MPSC certification for zoning exemptions. Amends title of 2008 PA 295 (MCL 460.1001 - 460.1211) & adds pt. 8. TIE BAR WITH: SB 0588'23
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)
Status: (Introduced) 2023-10-12 - Referred To Committee On Energy And Environment [SB0585 Detail]
Download: Michigan-2023-SB0585-Introduced.html
SENATE BILL NO. 585
A bill to amend 2008 PA 295, entitled
"Clean and renewable energy and energy waste reduction act,"
(MCL 460.1001 to 460.1211) by amending the title and by adding part 8.
the people of the state of michigan enact:
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An act to require certain providers of electric service to establish and recover costs for renewable energy programs; to require certain providers of electric or natural gas service to
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establish energy waste reduction programs; to authorize the use of certain energy systems to meet the requirements of those programs; to provide for the approval of energy waste reduction service companies; to reduce energy waste by state agencies and the public; to create a wind energy resource zone board and provide for its power and duties; to authorize the creation and implementation of wind energy resource zones; to provide for expedited transmission line siting certificates; to provide for customer generation and net metering programs and the responsibilities of certain providers of electric service and customers with respect to customer generation and net metering; to provide for fees; to prescribe the powers and duties of certain state agencies and officials; to require the promulgation of rules and the issuance of orders; to authorize the establishment of residential energy improvement programs by providers of electric or natural gas service; to authorize certification by this state before the construction of certain wind and solar energy facilities and energy storage facilities; to regulate certain local ordinances; and to provide for civil sanctions, remedies, and penalties.
PART 8.
WIND, SOLAR, AND STORAGE CERTIFICATION
Sec. 221. As used in this part:
(a) "Affected local unit" means a unit of local government in which all or part of a proposed energy facility will be located.
(b) "Applicant" means an applicant for a certificate.
(c) "Certificate" means a certificate issued for an energy facility under section 226(4).
(d) "Community-based organization" means a workforce development and training organization, labor union, local
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governmental entity, Michigan federally recognized tribe, environmental advocacy organization, or an organization that represents the interests of underserved communities.
(e) "Construction" means any substantial action taken constituting the placement, erection, expansion, or repowering of an energy facility.
(f) "Energy facility" means an energy storage facility, solar energy facility, or wind energy facility. An energy facility may be located on more than 1 parcel of property, including noncontiguous parcels.
(g) "Energy storage facility" means a system that absorbs, stores, and discharges electricity.
(h) "Independent power producer", or IPP, means a person that is not an electric utility but owns or operates facilities to generate electric power for sale to electric providers, this state, or local units of government.
(i) "Local unit of government" means a county, township, city, or village.
(j) "Maximum blade tip height" means the nominal hub height plus the nominal blade length of a wind turbine, as listed in the wind turbine specifications provided by the wind turbine manufacturer. If not listed in the wind turbine specifications, maximum blade tip height means the actual hub height plus the actual blade length.
(k) "Nameplate capacity" means the designed full-load sustained generating output of an energy facility. Nameplate capacity shall be determined by reference to the sustained output of an energy facility even if components of the energy facility are located on different parcels, whether contiguous or noncontiguous.
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(l) "Nonparticipating property" means a property that is adjacent to a solar energy facility or wind energy facility and that is not a participating property.
(m) "Occupied community building" means a school, place of worship, day-care facility, public library, community center, or other similar building that the applicant knows or reasonably should know is used on a regular basis as a gathering place for community members.
(n) "Participating property" means real property that either is owned by an applicant or that is the subject of an agreement that provides for the payment by an applicant to a landowner of monetary compensation related to an energy facility regardless of whether any part of that energy facility is constructed on the property.
(o) "Person" means an individual, governmental entity authorized by this state, political subdivision of this state, business, proprietorship, firm, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, co-partnership, joint venture, syndicate, business trust, labor organization, company, corporation, association, subchapter S corporation, limited liability company, committee, receiver, estate, trust, or any other legal entity or combination or group of persons acting jointly as a unit.
(p) "Repowering", with respect to an energy facility, means replacement of all or substantially all of the energy facility for the purpose of extending its life. Repowering does not include repairs related to the ongoing operations that do not increase the capacity or energy output of the energy facility.
(q) "Solar energy facility" means a system that captures and
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converts solar energy into electricity, for the purpose of sale or for use in locations other than solely the solar energy facility property. Solar energy facility includes, but is not limited to, the following equipment and facilities to be constructed by an electric provider or independent power producer: photovoltaic solar panels; solar inverters; access roads; distribution, collection, and feeder lines; wires and cables; conduit; footings; foundations; towers; poles; crossarms; guy lines and anchors; substations; interconnection or switching facilities; circuit breakers and transformers; energy storage facilities; overhead and underground control; communications and radio relay systems and telecommunications equipment; utility lines and installations; generation tie lines; substations; solar monitoring stations; and accessory equipment and structures.
(r) "Wind energy facility" means a system that captures and converts wind into electricity, for the purpose of sale or for use in locations other than solely the wind energy facility property. Wind energy facility includes, but is not limited to, the following equipment and facilities to be constructed by an electric provider or independent power producer: wind towers; wind turbines; access roads; distribution, collection, and feeder lines; wires and cables; conduit; footings; foundations; towers; poles; crossarms; guy lines and anchors; substations; interconnection or switching facilities; circuit breakers and transformers; energy storage facilities; overhead and underground control; communications and radio relay systems and telecommunications equipment; monitoring and recording equipment and facilities; erosion control facilities; utility lines and installations; generation tie lines; substations; ancillary buildings; wind monitoring stations; and accessory
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equipment and structures.
Sec. 222. (1) This part applies to all of the following:
(a) Any wind energy or solar energy facility with a nameplate capacity of 100 megawatts or more.
(b) Any energy storage facility with a nameplate capacity of 100 megawatts or more and an energy discharge capability of 200 megawatt hours or more.
(2) Before beginning construction of an energy facility, an electric provider or independent power producer may, pursuant to this part, obtain a certificate for that energy facility from the commission. To obtain a certificate for an energy facility, an electric provider or IPP must comply with the requirements of sections 223 and 224, and then submit to the commission an application as described in section 225.
(3) If the commission has issued a certificate for an energy facility, the electric provider or IPP may make minor changes, as defined by the commission, to the site plan if the changes are within the footprint of the previously approved site plan.
Sec. 223. (1) An electric provider or independent power producer that proposes to obtain a certificate for and construct an energy facility shall hold a public meeting in each affected local unit. At least 30 days before a meeting, the electric provider or IPP shall notify the clerk of the affected local unit in which a public meeting will be held of the time, date, location, and purpose of the meeting and provide a copy of the site plan as described in section 224 or the address of an internet site where a site plan for the energy facility is available for review. At least 14 days before the meeting, the electric provider or IPP shall publish notice of the meeting in a newspaper of general circulation
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in the affected local unit or in a comparable digital alternative. The notice shall include a copy of the site plan or the address of an internet site where the site plan is available for review. The commission shall further prescribe the format and content of the notice. For the purposes of this subsection, a public meeting held in a township is considered to be held in each village located within the township.
(2) At least 60 days before a public meeting held under subsection (1), the electric provider or IPP planning to construct an energy facility shall offer in writing to meet with the chief elected official of each affected local unit, or the chief elected official's designee, to discuss the site plan.
Sec. 224. (1) A site plan required under section 223 or 225 shall meet application filing requirements established by commission rule or order to maintain consistency between applications. The site plan shall include the following:
(a) The location and a description of the energy facility.
(b) A description of the anticipated effects of the energy facility on the environment, natural resources, and solid waste disposal capacity, which may include records of consultation with relevant state, tribal, and federal agencies.
(c) Additional information required by commission rule or order that directly relates to the site plan.
(2) When it submits a site plan required under section 223 or 225 to the commission, an electric provider or independent power producer shall, for informational purposes, submit a copy to the clerk of each affected local unit.
Sec. 225. (1) An application for a certificate submitted to the commission under section 222(2) shall contain all of the
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following:
(a) The complete name, address, and telephone number of the applicant.
(b) The planned date for the start of construction and the expected duration of construction.
(c) A description of the energy facility, including a site plan as described in section 224.
(d) A description of the expected use of the energy facility.
(e) Expected public benefits of the proposed energy facility.
(f) The expected direct impacts of the proposed energy facility on the environment and natural resources and how the applicant intends to address and mitigate these impacts.
(g) Information on the effects of the proposed energy facility on public health and safety.
(h) A description of the portion of the community where the energy facility will be located.
(i) A statement and reasonable evidence that the proposed energy facility will not commence commercial operation until it is in compliance with applicable state and federal environmental laws.
(j) A summary of the community outreach and education efforts undertaken by the electric provider or independent power producer, including a description of the public meetings and meetings with elected officials under section 223.
(k) Evidence of consultation, before submission of the application, with the department of environment, Great Lakes, and energy and other relevant state and federal agencies before submitting the application, including, but not limited to, the department of natural resources and the department of agriculture and rural development.
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(l) Interconnection queue information for the applicable regional transmission organization.
(m) If the proposed site of the energy facility is undeveloped land, a description of feasible alternative developed locations, including, but not limited to, vacant industrial property and brownfields, and an explanation of why they were not chosen.
(n) If the energy facility is reasonably expected to have an impact on television signals, microwave signals, agricultural global position systems, military defense radar, radio reception, or weather and doppler radio, a plan to minimize and mitigate that impact. Information in the plan concerning military defense radar is exempt from disclosure under the freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.231 to 15.246, and shall not be disclosed by the commission or the electric provider or independent power producer except pursuant to court order.
(o) If the energy facility is reasonably expected to have an impact on drainage systems within or surrounding the energy facility, a plan to minimize, mitigate, and repair that impact at the expense of the electric provider or IPP.
(p) If the energy facility is or includes an energy storage facility, an emergency response plan.
(q) A decommissioning plan that includes, but is not limited to, financial assurance in the form of a bond, a parent company guarantee, or an irrevocable letter of credit, but excluding cash. The amount of the financial assurance shall not be less than the estimated cost of decommissioning the energy facility, after deducting salvage value, as calculated by a third party with expertise in decommissioning, hired by the applicant. However, the financial assurance may be posted in increments as follows:
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(i) At least 25% by the start of full commercial operation.
(ii) At least 50% by the start of the fifth year of commercial operation.
(iii) 100% by the start of the tenth year of commercial operation.
(r) Other information reasonably required by the commission.
(2) Within 60 days after receipt of an application, the commission shall determine whether the application is complete. If the commission determines that the application is incomplete, the commission shall advise the applicant in writing of the information necessary to make the application complete. If the commission fails to timely notify the applicant that an application is incomplete, the application is considered to be complete.
Sec. 226. (1) Not more than 30 days after the commission determines under section 225 that an application is complete, the applicant shall send to the clerk of each affected local unit and publish notice of an opportunity to comment on the application. The notice shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation in each affected local unit or a comparable digital alternative. The notice shall be written in plain, nontechnical, and easily understood terms and shall contain a title that includes the name of the applicant and the words "NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONSTRUCT ______________ FACILITY", with the words "WIND ENERGY", "SOLAR ENERGY", or "ENERGY STORAGE", as applicable, entered in the blank space. The commission shall further prescribe the format and contents of the notice.
(2) The commission shall conduct a proceeding on the application for a certificate as a contested case under the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201 to
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24.328. An affected local unit, participating property owner, or nonparticipating property owner may intervene by right.
(3) The commission may assess reasonable application fees to the applicant to cover the commission's administrative costs in processing the application, including costs to consultants to assist the commission in evaluating issues raised by the application. The commission may retain consultants to assist the commission in evaluating issues raised by the application and may require the applicant to pay the cost of the services.
(4) The commission shall grant the application and issue a certificate or deny the application not later than 1 year after a complete application is filed.
(5) In evaluating the application, the commission shall consider the impact of the proposed facility on local land use, including the percentage of land within the local unit of government dedicated to energy generation. The commission may condition its grant of the application on the applicant taking additional reasonable action related to the impacts of the proposed energy facility, including, but not limited to, the following:
(a) Establishing and maintaining for the life of the facility vegetative ground cover.
(b) Meeting or exceeding pollinator standards throughout the lifetime of the facility, as established by the "Michigan Pollinator Habitat Planning Scorecard for Solar Sites" developed by the Michigan State University Department of Entomology in effect on the enactment date of the amendatory act that added this section or any applicable successor standards approved by the commission as reasonable and consistent with the purposes of this subdivision. Seed mix used to establish pollinator plantings shall not include
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invasive species as identified by the Midwest Invasive Species Information Network, led by researchers at the Michigan State University Department of Entomology and supporting regional partners.
(c) Providing for community improvements in the affected local unit.
(6) The commission shall grant the application and issue a certificate if it determines all of the following:
(a) The public benefits of the proposed energy facility justify its construction.
(b) The applicant has considered and addressed impacts to the environment and natural resources, including, but not limited to, sensitive habitats and waterways, wetlands and floodplains, wildlife corridors, parks, historic and cultural sites, and threatened or endangered species.
(c) The applicant has met the conditions established in section 227.
(d) The applicant has certified that the workers employed for the construction of the energy facility will be paid at least the prevailing wage in the local unit of government in which the proposed energy facility is located.
(e) The applicant has certified that the applicant will enter into and adhere to an agreement with 1 or more labor organizations in regard to the construction of the energy facility.
(f) The proposed energy facility does not present an unreasonable threat to public health or safety.
(7) An energy facility meets the requirements of subsection (6)(g) if it will comply with the following standards, as applicable:
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(a) For a solar energy facility, all of the following:
(i) The following setback requirements:
(ii) The solar energy facility is completely enclosed with fencing in compliance with the latest version of the National Electric Code as of the enactment date of the amendatory act that added this section or any applicable successor standard approved by the commission as reasonable and consistent with the purposes of this subdivision.
(iii) Solar panel components do not exceed a maximum height of 25 feet above ground when the arrays are at full tilt.
(iv) The solar energy facility does not generate a maximum sound in excess of 55 average hourly decibels as modeled at the nearest outer wall of the nearest dwelling located on an adjacent nonparticipating property. Decibel modeling shall use the A-weighted scale as designed by the American National Standards Institute.
(b) For a wind energy facility, all of the following:
(i) The following setback distances, measured from the center of the base of the wind tower:
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Setback Description |
Setback Distance |
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Occupied community buildings and residences on nonparticipating properties |
2.1 times the maximum blade tip height to the nearest point on the outside wall of the structure |
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Residences and other structures on participating properties |
1.1 times the maximum blade tip height to the nearest point on the outside wall of the structure |
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Nonparticipating property lines |
1.1 times the maximum blade tip height |
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Public road right-of-way |
1.1 times the maximum blade tip height to the center line of the public road right-of-way |
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Overhead communication and electric transmission, not including utility service lines to individual houses or outbuildings |
1.1 times the maximum blade tip height to the center line of the easement containing the overhead line |
(ii) Each wind tower is sited such that any occupied community building or nonparticipating residence will not experience more than 30 hours per year of shadow flicker under planned operating conditions as indicated by industry standard computer modeling.
(iii) Each wind tower blade tip does not exceed the height allowed under a Determination of No Hazard to Air Navigation by the Federal Aviation Administration under 14 CFR part 77.
(iv) The wind energy facility does not generate a maximum sound in excess of 55 average hourly decibels as modeled at the nearest outer wall of the nearest dwelling located on an adjacent nonparticipating property. Decibel modeling shall use the A-
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weighted scale as designed by the American National Standards Institute.
(v) The wind energy facility meets any standards concerning radar interference, lighting, or other relevant issues as determined by the commission.
(c) For an energy storage facility, both of the following:
(i) The energy storage facility complies with the version of NFPA 855 "Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems" in effect on the enactment date of the amendatory act that added this section or any applicable successor standard adopted by the commission as reasonable and consistent with the purposes of this subdivision.
(ii) The energy storage facility does not generate a maximum sound in excess of 55 average hourly decibels as modeled at the nearest outer wall of the nearest dwelling located on an adjacent nonparticipating property. Decibel modeling shall use the A-weighted scale as designed by the American National Standards Institute.
(8) The certificate shall identify the location of the energy facility and its nameplate capacity.
(9) If construction of an energy facility is not commenced within 5 years of the date that a certificate is issued, the certificate is invalid, but the electric provider or IPP may seek a new certificate for the proposed energy facility. The commission may extend this timeline at the request of the applicant without requiring a new contested case proceeding.
Sec. 227. The applicant for a certificate must enter into 1 or more agreements with, or that benefit, 1 or more community-based organizations. The agreements are legally binding and enforceable
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if construction of the energy facility commences. The commission shall enforce this requirement but not the actual agreements, which are enforceable in a court of competent jurisdiction. The agreements shall prioritize benefits to the community in which the energy facility is to be located. The topics and specific terms of the agreements may vary and may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:
(a) Workforce development, job quality, and job access provisions that include, but are not limited to, any of the following:
(i) Terms of employment, such as wages and benefits, employment status, workplace health and safety, scheduling, and career advancement opportunities.
(ii) Worker recruitment, screening, and hiring strategies and practices, targeted hiring planning and execution, investment in workforce training and education, and worker input and representation in decision making affecting employment and training.
(b) Funding for or providing specific environmental benefits.
(c) Funding for or providing specific community improvements or amenities, such as park and playground equipment, urban greening, enhanced safety crossings, paving roads, and bike paths.
(d) Annual contributions to a nonprofit or community-based organization that awards grants.
Sec. 228. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this part, information obtained by the commission under this part is a public record under the freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.231 to 15.246.
(2) An applicant may designate information received from a
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third party that the applicant submits to the commission in an application for a certificate, or in other documents required by the commission for the purposes of certification, as only for the confidential use of the commission. The commission shall notify the electric provider or IPP of a request for public records under section 5 of the freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.235, if the scope of the request includes information designated as confidential. If the electric provider or IPP, within 10 days after the receipt of the notice, demonstrates to the satisfaction of the commission that the information designated as confidential is a trade secret or secret process or is production, commercial, or financial information the disclosure of which would jeopardize the competitive position of the electric provider or IPP or the person from whom the information was obtained, the commission shall not grant the request for the information. If the commission decides to grant a request, the commission shall not release the information requested until 3 days have elapsed after notice of the decision is provided to the electric provider or IPP.
(3) If any person uses information described in subsection (1) to forecast electrical demand, the person shall structure the forecast so the person to whom the information pertains is not identified unless that person waives confidentiality.
(4) The commission shall issue orders necessary to protect the information in an application for a certificate, or in other documents required by the commission for the purposes of certification, if the commission reasonably finds the information to be confidential. Information that is confidential under a protective order is exempted from disclosure under the freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.231 to 15.246.
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Sec. 229. A commission order relating to a certificate or other matter provided for under this part is subject to review in the same manner as provided in section 6 of 1909 PA 300, MCL 462.26.
Sec. 230. (1) In administering this part, the commission has only those powers and duties granted to the commission under this part.
(2) The commission may consolidate proceedings under this part with contract approval or other certificate of need cases relating to the same energy facility.
(3) This part shall control in any conflict between this part and any other law of this state. However, the electric transmission line certification act, 1995 PA 30, MCL 460.561 to 460.575, controls in any conflict with this part.
Sec. 231. (1) A local ordinance shall not prohibit or regulate testing activities undertaken by an electric provider or independent power producer for purposes of determining the suitability of a site for the placement of an energy facility.
(2) If a certificate is issued for an energy facility under this part, a zoning ordinance or limitation imposed after the electric provider or IPP submitted the application for the certificate to the commission shall not be construed to limit or impair the construction, operation, or maintenance of the energy facility.
(3) If a certificate is issued, the certificate and this part preempt a local policy, practice, regulation, rule, or other ordinance that prohibits, regulates, or imposes additional or more restrictive dimensional and use limitations or requirements on the construction, operation, use, dimensions, replacement, or
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maintenance of an energy facility.
(4) Except as provided in this section, this part does not exempt an electric provider or IPP to whom a certificate is issued from obtaining any other permit, license, or permission to engage in the construction or operation of an energy facility that is required by any other law of this state, any rule promulgated under a law of this state, or a local ordinance.
Enacting section 1. This amendatory act takes effect 1 year after the date it is enacted into law.
Enacting section 2. This amendatory act does not take effect unless Senate Bill No. 588 of the 102nd Legislature is enacted into law.
