Bill Text: SC S0511 | 2019-2020 | 123rd General Assembly | Comm Sub
Bill Title: Alimony and suit money
Spectrum: Slight Partisan Bill (Republican 5-2)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2020-03-11 - Scrivener's error corrected [S0511 Detail]
Download: South_Carolina-2019-S0511-Comm_Sub.html
COMMITTEE REPORT
March 4, 2020
S. 511
Introduced by Senators Gregory, Bennett, Shealy, Turner, Cromer, Reese and Fanning
S. Printed 3/4/20--S. [SEC 3/5/20 3:43 PM]
Read the first time February 13, 2019.
To whom was referred a Bill (S. 511) to amend Section 20-3-120 of the 1976 Code, relating to alimony and suit money, to provide for separate maintenance and support; to amend Section, etc., respectfully
That they have duly and carefully considered the same and recommend that the same do pass with amendment:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking the bill in its entirety and inserting therein the following:
/ SECTION 1. Section 20-3-120 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-120. In every divorce action from the bonds of matrimony and in every action for separate maintenance and support, either party may in his or her complaint or answer or by petition pray for the allowance to him or her of alimony or separate maintenance and support and suit money and for the allowance of such alimony or separate maintenance and support and suit money pendente lite. If such claim shall appear well-founded the court shall allow a reasonable sum therefor."
SECTION 2. Section 20-3-130 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-130. (A) In proceedings for divorce from the bonds of matrimony, and in actions for separate maintenance and support, the court may grant alimony or separate maintenance and support in such amounts and for such term as the court considers appropriate as from the circumstances of the parties and the nature of case may be just, pendente lite, and permanently and as otherwise allowed by this section. No alimony or separate maintenance and support may be awarded a spouse who commits adultery before the earliest of these two events: (1) the formal signing of a written property or marital settlement agreement or (2) entry of a permanent order of separate maintenance and support or of a permanent order approving a property or marital settlement agreement between the parties.
(B) Alimony and separate maintenance and support awards may be granted pendente lite and permanently and as otherwise allowed by this section, in such amounts and for periods of time subject to conditions as the court considers just including, but not limited to:
(1) Periodic alimony to be paid but terminating on the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse or upon the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)), and terminable, suspendable, and or modifiable based upon the substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where the court finds it appropriate to order the payment of alimony on an ongoing basis where it is desirable to make a current determination and requirement for the ongoing support of a spouse to be reviewed and revised as circumstances may dictate in the future.
(2) Lump-sum alimony in a finite total sum to be paid in one installment, or periodically over a period of time, terminating only upon the death of the supported spouse, but not terminable, suspendable, or modifiable based upon remarriage by the supported spouse, continued cohabitation by the supported spouse, or substantially changed circumstances in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but not be limited to, circumstances where the court finds alimony appropriate but determines that such an award be of a finite and nonmodifiable nature.
(3) Rehabilitative alimony in a finite sum to be paid in one installment or periodically, terminable upon the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)), or the occurrence of a specific event to occur in the future, or modifiable, terminable, or suspendable based upon substantially changed circumstances or unforeseen events frustrating the good faith efforts of the supported spouse to become self-supporting or the ability of the supporting spouse to pay the rehabilitative alimony. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where the court finds it appropriate to provide for the rehabilitation of the supported spouse, but to provide modifiable ending dates coinciding with events considered appropriate by the court such as the completion of job training or education and the like, and to require rehabilitative efforts by the supported spouse.
(4) Reimbursement alimony to be paid in a finite sum, to be paid in one installment or periodically, terminable on the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, or upon the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)), but not terminable, suspendable, or modifiable based upon substantially changed circumstances in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where the court finds it necessary and desirable to reimburse the supported spouse from the future earnings of the payor spouse based upon circumstances or events that occurred during the marriage.
(5) Transitional alimony to be paid periodically or in a finite total sum, but terminating upon remarriage of the supported spouse, upon the continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, upon the death of either spouse, except as secured in subsection (D), or upon a date certain. Transitional alimony is modifiable, suspendable, or terminable based upon substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. The purpose of this form of support is to assist with the transition of the supported spouse to new financial circumstances, a new adjusted lifestyle, a new location, or any other consequences of divorce when other forms of alimony would not be appropriate.
(6) Fixed-term alimony to be paid periodically for a finite term to a supported spouse who is economically dependent, but terminating upon remarriage of the supported spouse, upon continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, upon expiration of the fixed term, or upon the death of either spouse, except as secured in subsection (D). Fixed-term alimony is modifiable, suspendable, or terminable based upon substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. The purpose of this form of support is to allow a finite award where the court finds it appropriate and desirable to make a current determination and requirement for a fixed term of support for a spouse.
(5)(7) Separate maintenance and support to be paid periodically, but terminating upon the continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, upon the divorce of the parties, or upon the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)), and terminable, suspendable, and modifiable based upon changed circumstances in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where a divorce is not sought, but it is necessary to provide for support of the supported spouse by way of separate maintenance and support when while the parties are living separate and apart but not divorced.
(6)(8) Such other form of spousal support, under terms and conditions as the court may consider just, as appropriate under the circumstances without limitation to grant more than one form of support.
(9) For purposes of this subsection and unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties, 'continued cohabitation' means the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for a period of ninety or more consecutive days. The court may determine that a continued cohabitation exists if there is evidence that the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for periods of less than ninety days and the two periodically separate in order to circumvent the ninety-day requirement a mutually supportive, intimate personal relationship in which the supported spouse and another person undertake duties and privileges commonly associated with marriage, but who do not necessarily maintain a single common household.
In the determination of whether continued cohabitation exists, the court shall consider the following factors:
(a) intertwined finances;
(b) sharing or joint responsibility for living expenses;
(c) recognition of the relationship in the couple's social circle, family circle, or community;
(d) living together, the frequency of contact, the duration of the relationship, and other indicia of a mutually supportive intimate personal relationship; and
(e) such other factors the court considers relevant.
(C) In making an award of alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court must consider and give weight in such proportion as it finds appropriate to all of the following factors:
(1) the duration of the marriage together with the ages of the parties at the time of the marriage and at the time of the divorce or separate maintenance action between the parties;
(2) the physical and emotional condition of each spouse;
(3) the educational background of each spouse, together with need of each spouse for additional training or education in order to achieve that spouse's income potential;
(4) the employment history and earning potential of each spouse;
(5) the standard of living established during the marriage;
(6) the current and reasonably anticipated earnings of both spouses, not to include the past, present, or anticipated earnings of a subsequent spouse of the payor in the event of the payor's remarriage;
(7) the current and reasonably anticipated expenses and needs of both spouses;
(8) the marital and nonmarital properties of the parties, including those apportioned to him or her in the divorce or separate maintenance action;
(9) custody of the children, particularly where conditions or circumstances render it appropriate that the custodian not be required to seek employment outside the home, or where the employment must be of a limited nature;
(10) marital misconduct or fault of either or both parties, whether or not used as a basis for a divorce or separate maintenance decree if the misconduct affects or has affected the economic circumstances of the parties, or contributed to the breakup of the marriage, except that no evidence of personal conduct which may otherwise be relevant and material for the purpose of this subsection may be considered with regard to this subsection if the conduct took place subsequent to the happening of the earliest of (a) the formal signing of a written property or marital settlement agreement or (b) entry of a permanent order of separate maintenance and support or of a permanent order approving a property or marital settlement agreement between the parties;
(11) the tax consequences to each party as a result of the particular form of support awarded, the tax filing status of each party, and tax matters referenced below in subsection (F);
(12) the existence and extent of any support obligation from a prior marriage or for any other reason of either party; and
(13) such other factors the court considers relevant.
(D) In making an award of alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court may make provision for security for the payment of the support including, but not limited to, requiring the posting of money, property, and bonds and may require a spouse, with due consideration of the cost of premiums, insurance plans carried by the parties during marriage, insurability of the payor spouse, the probable economic condition of the supported spouse upon the death of the payor spouse, and any other factors the court may deem consider relevant, to carry and maintain life insurance so as to assure support of a spouse beyond the death of the payor spouse without the need to establish special circumstances, compelling reasons, or extraordinary circumstances.
(E) In making an award of alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court may order the direct payment to the supported spouse or may require that the payments be made through the Family Court and allocate responsibility for the service fee in connection with the award. The court may require the payment of debts, obligations, and other matters on behalf of the supported spouse.
(F) The court may elect and determine the intended tax effect of the alimony and separate maintenance and support as provided to the extent authorized by the Internal Revenue Code and any corresponding state tax provisions. The Family Court may allocate the right to claim dependency exemptions pursuant, tax credits, and deductions to the extent authorized by to the Internal Revenue Code and under corresponding state tax provisions and to require the execution and delivery of all necessary documents and tax filings in connection with the exemption therewith.
(G) The Family Court may review and approve all agreements which bear on the issue of alimony or separate maintenance and support, whether brought before the court in actions for divorce from the bonds of matrimony, separate maintenance and support actions, or in actions to approve agreement where the parties are living separate and apart. The failure to seek a divorce, or separate maintenance, or a legal separation does not deprive the court of its authority and jurisdiction to approve and enforce the agreements. The parties may agree in writing if properly approved by the court to make the payment of alimony as set forth in items (1) through (6)(8) of subsection (B) nonmodifiable and not subject to subsequent modification by the court.
(H) The court, from time to time after considering the financial resources and marital fault of both parties, may order one party to pay a reasonable amount to the other for attorney fees, expert fees, investigation fees, costs, and suit money incurred in maintaining an action for divorce from the bonds of matrimony, as well as in actions for separate maintenance and support, including sums for services rendered and costs incurred before the commencement of the proceeding and after entry of judgment, pendente lite and permanently and as otherwise allowed by this section.
(I) For purposes of this section:
(1) 'Terminate, terminable, and terminating' means to put an end to and conclude the obligation to make any further payments.
(2) 'Modify, modifiable, and modifying' means to allow the amount or term of alimony or separate maintenance and support to be decreased or increased.
(3) 'Suspend, suspendable, and suspending' means either to postpone the payment of alimony while the obligation to pay continues, or to defer both the payment and the obligation to pay."
SECTION 3. Section 20-3-150 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-150. If the court awards the custody of the children to the spouse receiving alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court, by its decree, unless good cause to the contrary be shown, shall allocate any award for permanent alimony and support between the supported spouse and the children and upon the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse the amount fixed in the decree for his or her support shall cease and no further alimony or separate maintenance and support payments designated for the benefit of the supported spouse may be required from the supporting spouse.
For purposes of this section and unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties, 'continued cohabitation' means the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for a period of ninety or more consecutive days. The court may determine that a continued cohabitation exists if there is evidence that the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for periods of less than ninety days and the two periodically separate in order to circumvent the ninety-day requirement has the same meaning as the term is defined in Section 20-3-130(B)(9)."
SECTION 4. Section 20-3-160 of the 1976 Code of Laws is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-160. In any action for divorce from the bonds of matrimony or separate maintenance and support, the court may at any stage of the cause, or from time to time after final judgment, make such orders touching the care, custody, and maintenance of the children of the marriage and what, if any, security shall be given for the same as from the circumstances of the parties and the nature of the case and the best spiritual as well as other interests of the children may be fit, equitable, and just."
SECTION 5. Section 20-3-170 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-170. (A) Whenever any husband or wife, pursuant to a judgment of divorce from the bonds of matrimony or separate decree of separate maintenance and support, has been required to make his or her spouse any periodic payments of alimony or separate maintenance and support and the circumstances of the parties or the financial ability of the spouse making the periodic payments shall have substantially changed since the rendition of such judgment, either party may apply to the court which rendered the judgment for an order and judgment decreasing or increasing the amount of such alimony or separate maintenance and support payments or terminating, modifying, or suspending such payments and the court, after giving both parties an opportunity to be heard and to introduce evidence relevant to the issue, shall make such order and judgment as justice and equity shall require, with due regard to the substantially changed circumstances and the financial ability of the supporting spouse, decreasing or increasing or confirming the amount of alimony or separate maintenance and support provided for in such original judgment or suspending, modifying, or terminating such payments. Thereafter the supporting spouse shall pay and be liable to pay the amount of alimony or separate maintenance and support payments directed in such order and judgment and no other or further amount and such original judgment, for the purpose of all actions or proceedings of every nature and wherever instituted, whether within or without this State, shall be deemed considered to be and shall be modified accordingly, subject in every case to a further proceeding or proceedings under the provisions of this section in relation to such modified judgment.
(B) In the determination of the existence of substantially changed circumstances since the commencement of any alimony or separate maintenance and support payments, the court may consider the factors in Section 20-3-130(C) and shall consider the following factors:
(1) the reason for and amount of any substantial change in passive or active income of either spouse, not to include the past, present, or anticipated earnings of a subsequent spouse in the event of remarriage;
(2) modification of any child support obligations since the rendition of a judgment of divorce;
(3) the reason for and amount of any substantial change in net worth of either spouse;
(4) the reason for and any substantial change in earning potential of either spouse;
(5) any substantial change in expenses of either spouse;
(6) impact of the supporting spouse's health on ability to pay;
(7) retirement; and
(8) any other factors the court sees fit.
(B)(C) Retirement by the supporting spouse is sufficient grounds to warrant a hearing, if so moved by a party, to evaluate whether there has been a change of circumstances for the alimony or separate maintenance and support should be modified, suspended, or terminated in amount or term. The court may consider the factors in Section 20-3-130(C) and shall consider the following factors:
(1) whether retirement was contemplated when alimony was awarded;
(2) whether the age of the supporting spouse has reached full retirement age, which is the age at which a person becomes eligible for full social security benefits;
(3) the health of the supporting each spouse;
(4) the reason for retirement, including whether the retirement is mandatory or voluntary;
(5) whether retirement would result in a decrease in the supporting spouse's income; and
(6) the income and assets of either spouse; and
(7) any other factors the court sees fit.
(D) For purposes of this section:
(1) 'Terminate, terminable, and terminating' means to put an end to and conclude the obligation to make any further payments.
(2) 'Modify, modifiable, and modifying' means to allow the amount or term of alimony or separate maintenance and support to be decreased or increased.
(3) 'Suspend, suspendable, and suspending' means either to postpone the payment of alimony while the obligation to pay continues, or to defer both the payment and the obligation to pay."
SECTION 6. The repeal or amendment by this act of any law, whether temporary or permanent or civil or criminal, does not affect pending actions, rights, duties, or liabilities founded thereon, or alter, discharge, release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under the repealed or amended law, unless the repealed or amended provision shall so expressly provide. After the effective date of this act, all laws repealed or amended by this act must be taken and treated as remaining in full force and effect for the purpose of sustaining any pending or vested right, civil action, special proceeding, criminal prosecution, or appeal existing as of the effective date of this act, and for the enforcement of rights, duties, penalties, forfeitures, and liabilities as they stood under the repealed or amended laws.
SECTION 7. SECTIONS 1 and 4 of this act take effect upon approval by the Governor. SECTIONS 2, 3, and 5 of this act take effect upon approval by the Governor and apply to any actions filed with a court after that effective date.
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
LUKE A. RANKIN for Committee.
Explanation of Fiscal Impact
Amended by Senate Judiciary on May 3, 2019
State Expenditure
This bill, as amended, modifies existing alimony and suit money and provides for separate maintenance and support. The bill also establishes two new types of alimony, transitional and fixed-term. Both transitional and fixed-term alimony are modifiable, suspendable, or terminable based upon substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. Existing types of alimony and separate maintenance and support would also be suspendable under the provisions of this bill.
Section 1 of the bill specifies that in every action for separate maintenance and support, either party may request for the allowance of separate maintenance and support and suit money, as well as the allowance of separate maintenance and support and suit money pendente lite. Section 2 of the bill establishes two new types of alimony, transitional and fixed-term. Both transitional and fixed-term alimony are modifiable, suspendable, or terminable based upon substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. Existing types of alimony and separate maintenance and support would also be suspendable under the provisions of this bill. Section 3 of the bill enables the court to, upon the remarriage or continued cohabitation of a supported spouse who has custody of the children from the prior marriage, no longer require separate maintenance and support to be paid. Section 4 of the bill provides that in any action for separate maintenance and support, the court may order that security be given for the children of the marriage to protect their interests. Section 5 of the bill denotes the factors that the court must consider when a party making payments to a supported spouse under a decree of separate maintenance and support requests an order to decrease or increase the amount of the payments. This section also clarifies the factors the court must consider when determining whether separate maintenance and support should be modified when the supporting spouse retires.
Sections 1 and 4 become effective upon approval by the Governor. Sections 2, 3, and 5 of the bill become effective upon approval of the Governor and apply to any actions filed with a court after the effective date.
Judicial Department. The Judicial Department indicates that the number and complexity of alimony modification hearings will increase as a result of this bill. The bill would provide new grounds for relief and new standards for determining entitlement to relief from alimony payments. The department further indicates that data are not available to predict the increase in the number of court proceedings that may result, but any additional expenditures related to the increased caseloads will be managed within the department's existing appropriations. As such, the bill will have no impact to the general fund, other funds, or federal funds for the Judicial Department.
Local Expenditure
This bill adds two new types of alimony, which may lengthen and increase the number of alimony modification hearings. Family court proceedings may increase as a result of this bill, however there is no data to predict the change in caseloads. While the number and complexity of alimony modification hearings may increase it is anticipated that the courts will be able to manage their responsibilities within their current resources. As such, this bill will have no impact on local expenditures.
Frank A. Rainwater, Executive Director
Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office
A BILL
TO AMEND SECTION 20-3-120 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO ALIMONY AND SUIT MONEY, TO PROVIDE FOR SEPARATE MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT; TO AMEND SECTION 20-3-130 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE AWARD OF ALIMONY AND OTHER ALLOWANCES, TO PROVIDE FOR NEW FORMS OF ALIMONY; TO AMEND SECTION 20-3-150 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE SEGREGATION OF ALLOWANCES BETWEEN A SPOUSE AND CHILDREN AND THE EFFECT OF THE REMARRIAGE OF A SPOUSE, TO MAKE CONFORMING CHANGES; TO AMEND SECTION 20-3-160 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE CARE, CUSTODY, AND MAINTENANCE OF CHILDREN, TO MAKE CONFORMING CHANGES; TO AMEND SECTION 20-3-170 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE MODIFICATION, CONFIRMATION, OR TERMINATION OF ALIMONY AND RETIREMENT BY A SUPPORTING SPOUSE, TO PROVIDE FACTORS FOR THE COURT TO CONSIDER WHEN DETERMINING THE EXISTENCE OF CHANGED CIRCUMSTANCES, TO PROVIDE THAT RETIREMENT BY A SUPPORTING SPOUSE IS SUFFICIENT GROUNDS TO WARRANT A HEARING, AND TO PROVIDE FACTORS FOR THE COURT TO CONSIDER WHEN DETERMINING WHETHER ALIMONY OR SEPARATE MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT SHOULD BE MODIFIED, SUSPENDED, OR TERMINATED IN AMOUNT OR TERM; AND TO DEFINE NECESSARY TERMS.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:
SECTION 1. Section 20-3-120 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-120. In every divorce action from the bonds of matrimony and in every action for separate maintenance and support, either party may in his or her complaint or answer or by petition pray for the allowance to him or her of alimony or separate maintenance and support and suit money and for the allowance of such alimony or separate maintenance and support and suit money pendente lite. If such claim shall appear well-founded, the court shall allow a reasonable sum therefor."
SECTION 2. Section 20-3-130 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-130. (A) For the purposes of this section:
(1) 'Terminate, terminable, and terminating' means to put an end to and conclude the obligation to make any further payments.
(2) 'Modify, modifiable, and modifying' means to allow the amount or term of alimony or separate maintenance and support to be decreased or increased.
(3) 'Suspend, suspendable, and suspending' means either:
(a) to postpone the payment of alimony while the obligation to pay continues; or
(b) to defer both the payment and the obligation to pay.
(B) In proceedings for divorce from the bonds of matrimony, and in actions for separate maintenance and support, the court may grant alimony or separate maintenance and support in such amounts and for such term as the court considers appropriate as from the circumstances of the parties and the nature of case may be just, pendente lite, and permanently and as otherwise allowed by this section. No alimony or separate maintenance and support may be awarded a spouse who commits adultery before the earliest of these two events: (1) the formal signing of a written property or marital settlement agreement or (2) entry of a permanent order of separate maintenance and support or of a permanent order approving a property or marital settlement agreement between the parties.
(B)(C)(1) Alimony and separate maintenance and support awards may be granted pendente lite and permanently and as otherwise allowed by this section, in such amounts and for periods of time subject to conditions as the court considers just including, but not limited to:
(1)(a) Periodic alimony to be paid but terminating on the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse or upon the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)(E)), and terminable, suspendable, and or modifiable based upon the substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where the court finds it appropriate to order the payment of alimony on an ongoing basis where it is desirable to make a current determination and requirement for the ongoing support of a spouse to be reviewed and revised as circumstances may dictate in the future.
(2)(b) Lump-sum alimony in a finite total sum to be paid in one installment, or periodically over a period of time, terminating only upon the death of the supported spouse, but not terminable, suspendable, or modifiable based upon remarriage by the supported spouse, continued cohabitation by the supported spouse, or substantially changed circumstances in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but not be limited to, circumstances where the court finds alimony appropriate but determines that such an award be of a finite and nonmodifiable nature.
(3)(c) Rehabilitative alimony in a finite sum to be paid in one installment or periodically, terminable upon the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)(E)), or the occurrence of a specific event to occur in the future, or modifiable, terminable, or suspendable based upon substantially changed circumstances or unforeseen events frustrating the good faith efforts of the supported spouse to become self-supporting or the ability of the supporting spouse to pay the rehabilitative alimony. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where the court finds it appropriate to provide for the rehabilitation of the supported spouse, but to provide modifiable ending dates coinciding with events considered appropriate by the court such as the completion of job training or education and the like, and to require rehabilitative efforts by the supported spouse.
(4)(d) Reimbursement alimony to be paid in a finite sum, to be paid in one installment or periodically, terminable on the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, or upon the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)(E)), but not terminable, suspendable, or modifiable based upon substantially changed circumstances in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where the court finds it necessary and desirable to reimburse the supported spouse from the future earnings of the payor spouse based upon circumstances or events that occurred during the marriage.
(e) Transitional alimony to be paid periodically or in a finite total sum, but terminating upon remarriage of the supported spouse, upon the continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, upon the death of either spouse, except as secured in subsection (E), or upon a date certain. Transitional alimony is modifiable, suspendable, or terminable based upon substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. The purpose of this form of support is to assist with the transition of the supported spouse to new financial circumstances, a new adjusted lifestyle, a new location, or any other consequences of divorce if other forms of alimony would not be appropriate.
(f) Fixed term alimony through the finite periodic payment of support to a recipient spouse who is economically dependent, but terminating upon remarriage of the supported spouse, upon continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, upon expiration of the fixed term, or upon the death of either spouse, except as secured in subsection (E). Fixed term alimony is modifiable, suspendable, or terminable based upon substantially changed circumstances occurring in the future. The purpose of this form of support is to allow a finite award if the court finds it appropriate and desirable to make a current determination and requirement for a fixed term of support for a spouse.
(5)(g) Separate maintenance and support to be paid periodically, but terminating upon the continued cohabitation of the supported spouse, upon the divorce of the parties, or upon the death of either spouse, (except as secured in subsection (D)(E)), and terminable, suspendable, and modifiable based upon changed circumstances in the future. The purpose of this form of support may include, but is not limited to, circumstances where a divorce is not sought, but it is necessary to provide for support of the supported spouse by way of separate maintenance and support when while the parties are living separate and apart but not divorced.
(6)(h) Such other form of spousal support, under terms and conditions as the court may consider just, as appropriate under the circumstances without limitation to grant more than one form of support.
(2)(a) For purposes of this subsection and unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties, 'continued cohabitation' means the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for a period of ninety or more consecutive days. The court may determine that a continued cohabitation exists if there is evidence that the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for periods of less than ninety days and the two periodically separate in order to circumvent the ninety-day requirement involves a mutually supportive, intimate personal relationship in which the supported spouse and another person undertake duties and privileges commonly associated with marriage but do not necessarily maintain a single common household. In the determination of whether continued cohabitation exists, the court shall consider the following factors:
(a) intertwined finances;
(b) sharing or joint responsibility for living expenses;
(c) recognition of the relationship in the couple's social circle, family circle, or community;
(d) living together, the frequency of contact, the duration of the relationship, and other indicia of a mutually supportive intimate personal relationship; and
(e) such other factors the court considers relevant.
(C)(D) In making an award of alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court must consider and give weight in such proportion as it finds appropriate to all of the following factors:
(1) the duration of the marriage together with the ages of the parties at the time of the marriage and at the time of the divorce or separate maintenance action between the parties;
(2) the physical and emotional condition of each spouse;
(3) the educational background of each spouse, together with need of each spouse for additional training or education in order to achieve that spouse's income potential;
(4) the employment history and earning potential of each spouse;
(5) the standard of living established during the marriage;
(6) the current and reasonably anticipated earnings of both spouses, not to include the past, present, or anticipated earnings of a subsequent spouse of the payor in the event of the payor's remarriage;
(7) the current and reasonably anticipated expenses and needs of both spouses;
(8) the marital and nonmarital properties of the parties, including those apportioned to him or her in the divorce or separate maintenance action;
(9) custody of the children, particularly where conditions or circumstances render it appropriate that the custodian not be required to seek employment outside the home, or where the employment must be of a limited nature;
(10) marital misconduct or fault of either or both parties, whether or not used as a basis for a divorce or separate maintenance decree if the misconduct affects or has affected the economic circumstances of the parties, or contributed to the breakup of the marriage, except that no evidence of personal conduct which may otherwise be relevant and material for the purpose of this subsection may be considered with regard to this subsection if the conduct took place subsequent to the happening of the earliest of (a) the formal signing of a written property or marital settlement agreement or (b) entry of a permanent order of separate maintenance and support or of a permanent order approving a property or marital settlement agreement between the parties;
(11) the tax consequences to each party as a result of the particular form of support awarded;
(12) the existence and extent of any support obligation from a prior marriage or for any other reason of either party; and
(13) such other factors the court considers relevant.
(D)(E) In making an award of alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court may make provision for security for the payment of the support including, but not limited to, requiring the posting of money, property, and bonds and may require a spouse, with due consideration of the cost of premiums, insurance plans carried by the parties during marriage, insurability of the payor spouse, the probable economic condition of the supported spouse upon the death of the payor spouse, and any other factors the court may deem consider relevant, to carry and maintain life insurance so as to assure support of a spouse beyond the death of the payor spouse without the need to establish special circumstances, compelling reasons, or extraordinary circumstances.
(E)(F) In making an award of alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court may order the direct payment to the supported spouse or may require that the payments be made through the Family Court and allocate responsibility for the service fee in connection with the award. The court may require the payment of debts, obligations, and other matters on behalf of the supported spouse.
(F)(G) The court may elect and determine the intended tax effect of the alimony and separate maintenance and support as provided by the Internal Revenue Code and any corresponding state tax provisions. The Family Court may allocate the right to claim dependency exemptions pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code and under corresponding state tax provisions and to require the execution and delivery of all necessary documents and tax filings in connection with the exemption.
(G)(H) The Family Court may review and approve all agreements which bear on the issue of alimony or separate maintenance and support, whether brought before the court in actions for divorce from the bonds of matrimony, separate maintenance and support actions, or in actions to approve agreement where the parties are living separate and apart. The failure to seek a divorce, or separate maintenance, or a legal separation does not deprive the court of its authority and jurisdiction to approve and enforce the agreements. The parties may agree in writing if properly approved by the court to make the payment of alimony as set forth in items (1) through (6)(8) of subsection (B)(C) nonmodifiable and not subject to subsequent modification by the court.
(H)(I) The court, from time to time after considering the financial resources and marital fault of both parties, may order one party to pay a reasonable amount to the other for attorney fees, expert fees, investigation fees, costs, and suit money incurred in maintaining an action for divorce from the bonds of matrimony, as well as in actions for separate maintenance and support, including sums for services rendered and costs incurred before the commencement of the proceeding and after entry of judgment, pendente lite and permanently and as otherwise allowed by this section."
SECTION 3. Section 20-3-150 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-150. If the court awards the custody of the children to the spouse receiving alimony or separate maintenance and support, the court, by its decree, unless good cause to the contrary be shown, shall allocate any award for permanent alimony and support between the supported spouse and the children and upon the remarriage or continued cohabitation of the supported spouse the amount fixed in the decree for his or her support shall cease, and no further alimony or separate maintenance and support payments designated for the benefit of the supported spouse may be required from the supporting spouse.
For purposes of this section and unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties, 'continued cohabitation' means the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for a period of ninety or more consecutive days. The court may determine that a continued cohabitation exists if there is evidence that the supported spouse resides with another person in a romantic relationship for periods of less than ninety days and the two periodically separate in order to circumvent the ninety-day requirement is defined as set forth in Section 20-3-130(C)(9)."
SECTION 4. Section 20-3-160 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-160. In any action for divorce from the bonds of matrimony or separate maintenance and support, the court may at any stage of the cause, or from time to time after final judgment, make such orders touching the care, custody, and maintenance of the children of the marriage and what, if any, security shall be given for the same as from the circumstances of the parties and the nature of the case and the best spiritual as well as other interests of the children may be fit, equitable and just."
SECTION 5. Section 20-3-170 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 20-3-170. (A) For the purposes of this section:
(1) 'Terminate, terminable, and terminating' means to put an end to and conclude the obligation to make any further payments.
(2) 'Modify, modifiable, and modifying' means to allow the amount or term of alimony or separate maintenance and support to be decreased or increased.
(3) 'Suspend, suspendable, and suspending' means either:
(a) to postpone the payment of alimony while the obligation to pay continues; or
(b) to defer both the payment and the obligation to pay.
(B) Whenever any husband or wife, pursuant to a judgment of divorce from the bonds of matrimony or separate decree of separate maintenance and support, has been required to make his or her spouse any periodic payments of alimony or separate maintenance and support and the circumstances of the parties or the financial ability of the spouse making the periodic payments shall have substantially changed since the rendition of such judgment, either party may apply to the court which rendered the judgment for an order and judgment decreasing or increasing the amount of such alimony or separate maintenance and support payments or terminating, modifying, or suspending such payments, and the court, after giving both parties an opportunity to be heard and to introduce evidence relevant to the issue, shall make such order and judgment as justice and equity shall require, with due regard to the substantially changed circumstances and the financial ability of the supporting spouse, decreasing or increasing or confirming the amount of alimony or separate maintenance and support provided for in such original judgment or suspending, modifying, or terminating such payments. Thereafter the supporting spouse shall pay and be liable to pay the amount of alimony or separate maintenance and support payments directed in such order and judgment and no other or further amount, and such original judgment, for the purpose of all actions or proceedings of every nature and wherever instituted, whether within or without this State, shall be deemed considered to be and shall be modified accordingly, subject in every case to a further proceeding or proceedings under the provisions of this section in relation to such modified judgment.
(C) In the determination of the existence of substantially changed circumstances since the commencement of any alimony or separate maintenance and support payments, the court may consider the factors in Section 20-3-130(D) and shall consider the following factors:
(1) the reason for and amount of any substantial change in passive or active income of either spouse, not to include the past, present, or anticipated earnings of a subsequent spouse in the event of remarriage;
(2) modification of any child support obligations since the rendition of a judgment of divorce;
(3) the reason for and amount of any substantial change in the net worth of either spouse;
(4) the reason for and any substantial change in the earning potential of either spouse;
(5) any substantial change in the expenses of either spouse;
(6) the impact of the supporting spouse's health on the ability to pay;
(7) retirement; and
(8) any other factors the court considers appropriate.
(B)(D) Retirement by the supporting spouse is sufficient grounds to warrant a hearing, if so moved by a party, to evaluate whether there has been a change of circumstances for the alimony or separate maintenance and support should be modified, suspended, or terminated in amount or term. The court may consider the factors in Section 20-3-130(D) and shall consider the following factors:
(1) whether retirement was contemplated when alimony was awarded;
(2) whether the age of the supporting spouse has reached full retirement age, which is the age at which a person becomes eligible for full Social Security benefits;
(3) the health of the supporting each spouse;
(4) the reason for retirement, including whether the retirement is mandatory or voluntary;
(5) whether retirement would result in a decrease in the supporting spouse's income; and
(6) the income and assets of either spouse; and
(7) any other factors the court sees fit considers appropriate."
SECTION 6. SECTIONS 1 and 4 of this act take effect upon approval by the Governor. SECTIONS 2, 3, and 5 of this act take effect upon approval by the Governor and apply to any actions filed with a court after the effective date.
