Bill Text: CA SB148 | 2015-2016 | Regular Session | Amended

NOTE: There are more recent revisions of this legislation. Read Latest Draft

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Bill Title: School districts: reorganization: local control funding formula.

Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 2-0)

Status: (Passed) 2015-10-02 - Chaptered by Secretary of State. Chapter 448, Statutes of 2015. [SB148 Detail]

Download: California-2015-SB148-Amended.html

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BILL NUMBER: SB 148	AMENDED
	BILL TEXT

	AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY  AUGUST 17, 2015
	AMENDED IN SENATE  JUNE 2, 2015
	AMENDED IN SENATE  APRIL 7, 2015

INTRODUCED BY    Senators   McGuire
    and Leyva  
Senator   McGuire 
    (   Principal coauthor: 
 Senator   Huff   )

    (   Principal  
coauthors:   Assembly Members  
Burke     and Wood 
 ) 
    (   Coauthors:  
Senators   Allen,   
 Hall,    Mendoza,
    and Vidak   )

   (Coauthor: Assembly Member  Dodd   O'Donnell
 )

                        JANUARY 29, 2015

   An act to  add Article 8 (commencing with Section 52465)
to Chapter 9 of Part 28 of Division 4 of Title 2 of  
amend Sections 35510, 35514, 35515, and 35735 of, to add Sections
35735.2, 35735.3, 35735.5, 35735.6, 35735.7, 35735.8, 35735.9, and
35735.10 to, to repeal and add Sections 35735.1 and 35735.4 of, and
to repeal Section 35516 of,  the Education Code, relating to
 career technical education.   school districts.



	LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST


   SB 148, as amended, McGuire.  Career technical education:
Career and Job Skills Education Act.   School districts:
reorganization: local control funding formula.  
   Existing law establishes a system of public elementary and
secondary education in this state. Under this system, school
districts throughout the state operate and maintain schools at which
they provide instruction. Existing law establishes procedures under
which new school districts may be formed by dissolving 2 or more
existing school districts of the same kind from the entire territory
of the original school districts, by forming one or more new school
districts of the same kind from all or parts of one or more existing
school districts of the same kind, or by unifying or deunifying
school districts as specified. Under existing law, new school
districts may also be formed through an action to transfer territory,
including an action to transfer all or part of an existing school
district to another existing school district.  
   Existing law also establishes a system of funding public
elementary and secondary education in this state. This funding system
includes, among other elements, a local control funding formula
through which funds are apportioned to school districts for
educational purposes based on the total number of pupils attending
the schools in those districts and the number of those pupils who
fall into specified categories, including English learners, pupils
eligible for free or reduced-price meals, and foster youth. 

   This bill would enact numerous provisions specifying computations
to determine the funding, pursuant to the local control funding
formula, of school districts that are, or proposed to be, affected by
the various types of actions that may be undertaken to reorganize
districts, as defined.  
   Existing law establishes the office of the Superintendent of
Public Instruction, and specifies that the Superintendent is the ex
officio Director of the State Department of Education. Under existing
law, the State Department of Education administers numerous programs
relating to elementary and secondary education.  
   Existing law authorizes, among other things, the governing board
of any high school district to establish and maintain, in connection
with any high school or regional occupational center or program under
its jurisdiction, cooperative career technical education programs or
community classrooms as part of a career technical education course,
as specified.  
   This bill would establish the Career and Job Skills Education Act,
which would authorize the governing board of one or more school
districts, county offices of education, direct-funded charter
schools, and regional occupational centers or programs operated by
joint powers authorities with the written consent from each
participating local educational agency, that operate any
state-approved career technical education sequence of courses, to
apply to the Superintendent for a grant for the development and
enhancement of high-quality career technical education programs. The
bill would require each grant recipient to, among other things, adopt
certain policies and procedures and establish a career technical
education program that satisfies specified criteria. The bill would
establish the Career and Job Skills Education Fund in the State
Treasury, and would also require the Superintendent to, among other
things, administer the fund and distribute awards through an annual
application process to applicants that meet certain requirements. The
bill would further require the Superintendent and the State Board of
Education to incorporate appropriate metrics into state-adopted
accountability measures to determine career readiness of California's
high school pupils.  
   The bill would, to the extent that funds are appropriated in the
annual Budget Act of 2015, allocate funds to the Superintendent, for
deposit in the Career and Job Skills Education Fund, for purposes of
the Career and Job Skills Education Act, and would express the intent
of the Legislature that funds be appropriated from the General Fund,
as necessary, for those purposes in the 2017-18 and 2018-19 fiscal
years. 
   Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes.
State-mandated local program: no.


THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

   SECTION 1.    Section 35510 of the  
Education Code   is amended to read: 
   35510.  Unless the context otherwise requires, the definitions set
forth in this article govern the construction of this 
chapter.   chapter and Chapter 4 (commencing with
Section 35700). 
   SEC. 2.    Section 35514 of t   he 
 Education Code   is amended to read: 
   35514.   "Districts"   As used in this
chapter and in Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 35700):  
   (a) "Affected district" means a district that has been, or is
proposed to be, affected by an action to reorganize pursuant to
Section 35511 or by an action to lapse a district pursuant to Section
35780.1. Affected districts include all of the following district
types:  
   (1) "Original district" means a district as it existed before an
action to reorganize pursuant to Section 35511 or before an action to
lapse a district pursuant to Section 35780.1. The boundaries of an
"original district" are those of the district as it existed
immediately before the action to reorganize or lapse.  
   (2) "Former district" means a district that has been wholly
included in another district, or has had all of its territory made
part of two or more other districts, through any action taken
pursuant to Section 35511 or through a lapsation pursuant to Section
35780.1. The boundaries of a former district are those of the
district as it existed immediately before an action to reorganize or
lapse.  
   (3) "New district" means a district that is formed from all or
portions of one or more other districts by an action to reorganize
taken pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 35511. A new district
does not exist before such an action.  
   (4) "Acquiring district" means a district that has all or portions
of one or more other districts transferred into, or lapsed into, its
boundaries pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 35511 or Section
35780.1.  
   (5) "Divided district" means a district that has had a portion of
its territory become part of a new district or transferred into one
or more other districts by an action to reorganize taken pursuant to
Section 35511.  
   (A) The "reorganized portion of a divided district" means the
portion of the divided district's territory that becomes part of a
new district or is transferred into one or more other districts.
 
   (B) The "remaining portion of a divided district" means the
portion of the divided district's territory that does not become part
of a new district or that is not transferred into one or more other
districts.  
   (6) "Reorganized district" means a district that is a "new
district," an "acquiring district," or a "divided district." 
    (b)     "Districts"  means school
districts of every kind or class.
   SEC. 3.    Section 35515 of the   Education
Code   is amended to read: 
   35515.  "Component district" means an elementary school district
 which   that  is included within a high
school district.   district or an elementary
school district that is excluded from an action to unify a high
school district but that continues to feed into the high schools of
the new unified school district pursuant to subdivision (b) of
Section 35542. 
   SEC. 4.    Section 35516 of the   Education
Code   is repealed.  
   35516.  "Former district" means a district which has been wholly
included in another district. The boundaries of a former district are
those of the district as it existed immediately prior to being
wholly included in another district. 
   SEC. 5.    Section 35735 of the   Education
Code   is amended to read: 
   35735.  (a) Each proposal for the reorganization of school
districts shall include a computation of the  base revenue
limit per unit of average daily attendance   local
control funding formula entitlement determined pursuant to Section
42238.02, as implemented by Section 42238.03,  for the
districts. That computation shall be an integral part of the 
proposal   proposal,  and shall not be considered
separately from the proposal. The  computation of the base
revenue limit for the newly organized   funding
computations for the reorganized  school districts shall be 
made consistent with the calculations established in this article,
and shall be  based on the current information available for
each affected school district for the second principal apportionment
period for the fiscal year two years  prior to  
before  the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to
become effective.  The computation of any adjustments for
employee salaries and benefits shall be based on information from the
fiscal year two years prior to the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective. For the purposes of this
article "affected school district" means a school district affected
by a reorganization because all or a portion of its average daily
attendance is to be included in the newly organized school districts.
 
   (b) The county superintendent of schools shall compute the base
revenue limit per unit of average daily attendance pursuant to
Section 35735.1 for a school district involved in an action to
reorganize and in an action to transfer territory.  

   (c) The State Department of Education shall use information
provided pursuant to subdivision (a) by the county superintendent of
schools in each county that has a school district affected by an
action to unify or by an appeal of a transfer of territory to compute
the base revenue limit per unit of average daily attendance for a
newly organized school district pursuant to Section 35735.1.
 
   (d) This section shall not apply to any reorganization proposal
approved by the State Board of Education prior to January 1, 1995.
 
   (b) The county superintendent of schools shall compute the local
control funding formula entitlement pursuant to this article for a
school district involved in an action to reorganize.  
   (c) (1) For a former school district that has been wholly included
in more than one new or acquiring district, the county
superintendent of schools with jurisdiction over the reorganized
school district shall compute the local control funding formula
entitlement pursuant to this article. As part of this computation,
and except as otherwise provided in this article, the county
superintendent of schools may determine both of the following: 

   (2) (A) The prior year funded average daily attendance as of the
second principal apportionment from each affected school district
that will be served by each reorganized school district.  
   (B) Consistent with paragraph (1), the division of all of the
following types of funding attributed to a former district when all
of the territory of that former district is made part of two or more
new or acquiring districts:  
   (i) Categorical program funding provided pursuant to subdivisions
(g) and (h) of Section 42238.02, paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of
Section 42238.03, and subdivision (e) of Section 42238.03.  

   (ii) Economic recovery target payments computed pursuant to
paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 42238.025.  
   (iii) Necessary small school allowances provided for minimum state
aid pursuant to subparagraph (D) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (e)
of Section 42238.03, except that in no case shall the allowance
attributed to a single necessary small elementary or necessary small
high school be divided among more than one new or acquiring district.
 
   (3) The funding calculated pursuant to this subdivision shall be
incorporated by the Superintendent into the new or acquiring district'
s calculations as if it were a former district that is wholly
included in the new district, provided that the required information
is submitted to the Superintendent within the timeframe established
by the Superintendent. If the county superintendent of schools does
not provide all of the information in paragraphs (1) and (2), the
funding shall not be included in the new or acquiring district's
calculations.  
   (d) For all actions to reorganize, except for those actions
approved pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 35710, or appealed
pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 35710, Section 35710.5, or
Section 35711, the Superintendent shall compute the local control
funding formula entitlement for a reorganized school district
pursuant to Section 42238.02, as implemented by Section 42238.03.
 
   (e) The Superintendent may make adjustments to the local control
funding formula entitlements computed pursuant to subdivisions (b)
and (c), if those adjustments are necessary to cause those
entitlements to be consistent with this article.  
   (f) For purposes of this article, a lapsation pursuant to Section
35780.1 shall be considered an action to reorganize pursuant to
subdivision (b) of Section 35511.  
   (e) 
    (g)  Any costs incurred by the county superintendent of
schools in preparing reports pursuant to this section or 
Section 35735.1 or 35735.2   Sections 35735.1 to
35735.9, inclusive,  may be billed to the affected school
districts on a proportionate basis.
   SEC. 6.   Section 35735.1 of the   Education
Code   is repealed.  
   35735.1.  (a) The local control funding formula allocation per
unit of average daily attendance for newly organized school districts
shall be equal to the total of the amount of the local control
funding formula allocation pursuant to Section 42238.02, as
implemented by Section 42238.03, per unit of average daily attendance
of the affected school districts computed pursuant to the
computations set forth below. The following computations shall be
made to determine the local control funding formula allocation
pursuant to Section 42238.02, as implemented by Section 42238.03, per
unit of average daily attendance for the newly organized school
districts:
   (1) Based on the current information available for each affected
school district for the second principal apportionment period for the
fiscal year before the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to
become effective, multiply the local control funding formula
allocation pursuant to Section 42238.02, as implemented by Section
42238.03, per unit of average daily attendance for that school
district by the number of units of average daily attendance for that
school district that the county superintendent of schools determines
will be included in the proposed school district.
   (2) Add the amounts calculated pursuant to paragraph (1) and
divide that sum by the number of units of average daily attendance in
the newly organized school districts.
   (b) The amount determined pursuant to subdivision (a) shall be the
local control funding formula allocation pursuant to Section
42238.02, as implemented by Section 42238.03, per unit of average
daily attendance for the newly organized school districts.
   (c) The average daily attendance of a newly organized school
district, for purposes of Sections 42238.02 and 42238.03, shall be
the average daily attendance that is attributable to the area
reorganized for the fiscal year before the fiscal year in which the
new school district becomes effective for all purposes.
   (d) Notwithstanding this section, commencing with the 2013-14
fiscal year, a newly reorganized school district shall receive
state-aid funding pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of
Section 42238.03 or the total combined per pupil funding amount
received by each school district pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2)
of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 for the fiscal year before the
fiscal year in which the new school district becomes effective for
all purposes, whichever is greater.
   (e) Notwithstanding any other law, this section shall not be
subject to waiver by the state board pursuant to Section 33050 or by
the Superintendent.
   (f) Upon a determination that all school districts or charter
schools equal or exceed the local control funding formula target
computed pursuant to Section 42238.02 as determined by the
calculation of a zero difference pursuant to paragraph (1) of
subdivision (b) of Section 42238.03, for all school districts and
charter schools, this section shall not apply and the newly
reorganized school district shall receive an allocation equal to the
amount calculated under Section 42238.02 in that fiscal year and
future fiscal years. 
   SEC. 7.    Section 35735.1 is added to the  
Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.1.  For purposes of paragraph (5) of subdivision (b) of
Section 42238.02, reorganized districts shall have their percentages
of unduplicated pupils calculated as follows:
   (a) (1) For a new district in the first fiscal year of operation,
include only the current fiscal year unduplicated pupil and
enrollment counts used to establish the current fiscal year
percentage.
   (2) For a new district in the second fiscal year of operation,
include only the current fiscal year and prior fiscal year
unduplicated pupil and enrollment counts to establish the current
fiscal year percentage.
   (3) For a new district in the third and subsequent fiscal years of
operation, include the current fiscal year, prior fiscal year, and
second prior fiscal year unduplicated pupil and enrollment counts to
establish the current fiscal year percentage.
   (b) For an acquiring district in the first fiscal year of
operation after the reorganization, retain the prior fiscal year and
second prior fiscal year unduplicated pupil and enrollment counts
from the fiscal years before the reorganization. For the current
fiscal year and each subsequent fiscal year after reorganization,
include the unduplicated pupil and enrollment counts for all pupils
who are being served by the acquiring district.
   (c) For the remaining portion of a divided district, the
percentage calculation shall include the prior and second prior
fiscal year unduplicated pupil and enrollment counts from the fiscal
years before the reorganization. For the current and each subsequent
fiscal year after reorganization, include only the unduplicated pupil
and enrollment counts for the pupils who are being served by the
remaining portion of the divided district. 
   SEC. 8.    Section 35735.2 is added to the  
Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.2.  For purposes of subdivisions (g) and (h) of Section
42238.02, paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03, and
subdivision (e) of Section 42238.03, reorganized districts shall have
categorical program funding determined as follows:
   (a) (1) A new district shall retain the same amount of categorical
funding received by each former district before the reorganization.
A new district shall not retain any categorical funding received by
divided districts before the reorganization.
   (2) If the new district is composed wholly of former districts, it
shall receive a reduction pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision
(a) of Section 42238.03 only to the extent that the new district
would have received a reduction in the 2012-13 fiscal year.
   (3) If the new district is comprised of former districts and one
or more divided districts, it shall receive a reduction pursuant to
paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 only to the
extent that the former districts received a reduction in the 2012-13
fiscal year.
   (b) (1) An acquiring district shall retain the same amount of
categorical funding it received before the reorganization, plus the
amount of categorical funding received by each former district before
the reorganization. An acquiring district shall not retain any
categorical funding received by divided districts before the
reorganization.
   (2) If the acquiring district is composed wholly of former
districts, it shall receive a reduction pursuant to paragraph (2) of
subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 only to the extent that the
acquiring district would have received a reduction in the 2012-13
fiscal year.
   (3) If the acquiring district comprises a former district and one
or more divided districts, it shall receive a reduction pursuant to
paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 only to the
extent that the former district received a reduction in the 2012-13
fiscal year.
   (c) (1) The remaining portion of a divided district shall retain
the same amount of categorical funding it received before the
reorganization.
   (2) If a divided district received a reduction pursuant to
paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03, it shall
continue to receive that reduction.
   (d) If the reorganization includes a former district that has been
wholly included in more than one new or acquiring districts, the
categorical funding shall be determined pursuant to subdivision (c)
of Section 35735. 
   SEC. 9.    Section 35735.3 is added to the  
Education Code   , to read: 
    35735.3.   (a)     A new or
acquiring district shall receive an economic recovery target payment
pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 42238.025
that is equal to the sum of the amounts determined for each former
district that was eligible to receive an economic recovery target
payment pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Section
42238.025 before the reorganization.  
   (b) The remaining portion of a divided district shall retain the
same amount of economic recovery target funding pursuant to paragraph
(2) of subdivision (d) of Section 42238.025 that it was eligible to
receive before the reorganization.  
   (c) If the reorganization includes a former district that has been
wholly included in more than one new or acquiring district, the
economic recovery target funding shall be determined pursuant to
subdivision (c) of Section 35735. 
   SEC. 10.    Section 35735.4 of the  
Education Code   is repealed.  
   35735.4.  Notwithstanding paragraphs (2) and (3) of subdivision
(a) of Section 35735.1, as it read on June 30, 1998, a school
district that was reorganized in the 1998-99 fiscal year, had an
enrollment of fewer than 2,000 pupils in the second fiscal year prior
to the fiscal year of reorganization, was wholly located within a
county of the 20th class, as defined pursuant to Section 28041 of the
Government Code, and for which the criteria specified in paragraph
(2) or (3), or both, of subdivision (a) of Section 35735.1, as it
read on June 30, 1998, would have been met had pupils on
interdistrict transfers in the second fiscal year prior to the fiscal
year of reorganization attended their district of residence, may
include the calculations set forth in paragraphs (2) and (3) of
subdivision (a) of Section 35735.1, as it read on June 30, 1998, in
the calculation of its base revenue limit per unit of average daily
attendance. 
   SEC. 11.    Section 35735.4 is added to the 
Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.4.  For purposes of subdivision (d) of Section 42238.03, a
reorganized district shall be deemed to have a zero difference in the
prior fiscal year if one of the following conditions is met:
   (a) For a new district resulting from an action to reorganize
pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section
35511, each former district had a zero difference in the prior fiscal
year.
   (b) For a new district resulting from an action to reorganize
pursuant to paragraph (4) subdivision (a) of Section 35511, the
original district had a zero difference in the prior fiscal year.
   (c) For an acquiring district affected by an action to reorganize
taken pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 35511, the acquiring
district has a zero difference in the prior fiscal year. 
   SEC. 12.    Section 35735.5 is added to the 
 Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.5.  (a) For a new or acquiring district that has reorganized
pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section
35511 or subdivision (b) of Section 35511, the funding amount per
unit of average daily attendance pursuant to subparagraph (A) of
paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 shall be
calculated, as follows:
   (1) If the reorganization took place before December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Blend the revenue limit pursuant to Section 35735.1, as that
section read on January 1, 2013.
   (B) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year two
years before the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to become
effective by the per unit of average daily attendance amount
computed pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision
(a) of Section 42238.03.
   (C) Add the products determined in subparagraph (B) and divide by
the sum of units of average daily attendance for the fiscal year two
years before the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to become
effective for all affected districts.
   (2) If the reorganization took place after December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective by the per unit of average daily attendance
amount computed pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of
subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03.
   (B) Add the products determined in subparagraph (A) and divide by
the sum of units of average daily attendance for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective for all affected districts.
   (3) (A) For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), average daily
attendance shall be the funded average daily attendance as of the
second principal apportionment.
   (B) If the reorganization includes a divided district, the
following shall apply:
   (i) For purposes of paragraph (1), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district.
   (ii) For purposes of paragraph (2), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district in the first fiscal year the
reorganization becomes effective. If no average daily attendance of
the divided district is estimated to be served in the first fiscal
year of the reorganization, the divided district's funding shall not
be included in the blending calculation made pursuant to subparagraph
(A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03.
   (C) For purposes of paragraph (1) or (2), if the reorganization
includes a former district that has been wholly included in more than
one new or acquiring district, the average daily attendance shall be
the average daily attendance reported pursuant to subdivision (c) of
Section 35735.
   (b) For a new district formed as a result of deunification
pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 35511, the
funding amount per unit of average daily attendance pursuant to
subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section
42238.03 shall be equal to the amount calculated for the original
district for the fiscal year before the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective. 
   SEC. 13.    Section 35735.6 is added to the 
 Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.6.  (a) For a new or acquiring district that has reorganized
pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section
35511 or subdivision (b) of Section 35511, the funding amount per
unit of average daily attendance pursuant to
                  subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision
(e) of Section 42238.03, shall be calculated as follows:
   (1) If the reorganization took place before December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year two
years before the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to become
effective by the per unit of average daily attendance amount
computed pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision
(e) of Section 42238.03.
   (B) Add the products determined in subparagraph (A), and divide
that sum by the sum of units of average daily attendance for the
fiscal year two years immediately preceding the fiscal year in which
the reorganization is to become effective for all affected districts.

   (C) No adjustment shall be made for paragraphs (2) and (3) of
subdivision (a) of Section 35735.1, as that section read on January
1, 2013.
   (2) If the reorganization took place after December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective by the per unit of average daily attendance
amount computed pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of
subdivision (e) of Section 42238.03.
   (B) Add the products determined in subparagraph (A), and divide by
the sum of units of average daily attendance for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective for all affected school districts.
   (3) (A) For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), average daily
attendance shall be the funded average daily attendance as of the
second principal apportionment.
   (B) If the reorganization includes a divided district, the
following shall apply:
   (i) For purposes of paragraph (1), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district.
   (ii) For purposes of paragraph (2), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district in the fiscal year the first
reorganization becomes effective. If no average daily attendance of
the divided district is estimated to be served in the first fiscal
year of the reorganization, the divided district's funding shall not
be included in the blending calculation made pursuant to subparagraph
(A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section 42238.03.
   (C) For purposes of paragraph (1) or (2), if the reorganization
includes a former district that has been wholly included in more than
one new or acquiring district, the average daily attendance shall be
the average daily attendance reported pursuant to subdivision (c) of
Section 35735.
   (b) For a new district formed as a result of deunification
pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 35511, the
funding amount per unit of average daily attendance pursuant to
subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section
42238.03 shall be equal to the amount calculated for the original
district for the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in
which the reorganization is to become effective. 
   SEC. 14.    Section 35735.7 is added to the 
 Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.7.  For a new or acquiring district that has reorganized
pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section
35511 or subdivision (b) of Section 35511, the funding amount per
unit of average daily attendance pursuant to paragraph (4) of
subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 shall be calculated as follows:
   (a) If the reorganization took place before December 31, 2013:
   (1) For each affected district, divide the amount of funding
received in the immediately preceding fiscal year pursuant to
paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 as of the second
principal apportionment by the units of average daily attendance for
the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective.
   (2) For each affected district, multiply the amount determined in
paragraph (1) by the average daily attendance for the fiscal year two
years before the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to
become effective.
   (3) Add the products determined in paragraph (2), and divide that
sum by the sum of the average daily attendance determined in
paragraph (2) for all affected districts.
   (b) If the reorganization took place after December 31, 2013:
   (1) For each affected district, divide the amount of funding
received in the immediately preceding fiscal year pursuant to
paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03 as of the second
principal apportionment by the units of average daily attendance for
the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year in which the reorganization
is to become effective.
   (2) For each affected district, multiply the amount determined in
paragraph (1) by the average daily attendance for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective.
   (3) Add the products determined in paragraph (2), and divide that
sum by the sum of the average daily attendance determined in
paragraph (2) for all affected districts.
   (c) (1) For purposes of subdivisions (a) and (b), average daily
attendance shall be the funded average daily attendance as of the
second principal apportionment.
   (2) If the reorganization includes a divided district, the
following shall apply:
   (A) For purposes of subdivision (a), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district.
   (B) For purposes of subdivision (b), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district in the first fiscal year the
reorganization becomes effective. If no average daily attendance of
the divided district is estimated to be served in the first fiscal
year of the reorganization, the divided district's funding shall not
be included in the blending calculation pursuant to paragraph (4) of
subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03.
   (3) For purposes of subdivisions (a) and (b), if the
reorganization includes a former district that has been wholly
included in more than one new or acquiring district, the average
daily attendance shall be the average daily attendance reported
pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 35735. 
   SEC. 15.    Section 35735.8 is added to the 
 Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.8.  (a) For a new or acquiring district that has reorganized
pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section
35511 or subdivision (b) of Section 35511, the funding amount per
unit of average daily attendance pursuant to Sections 42289 to
42289.5, inclusive, for purposes of determining funding pursuant to
paragraph (2) of subdivision (i) of Section 42283.02, shall be
calculated as follows:
   (1) If the reorganization took place before December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year two
years before the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to become
effective by the amount computed pursuant to subdivision (b) of
Section 42287 for the fiscal year two years before the fiscal year in
which the reorganization is to become effective.
   (B) Add the products determined in subparagraph (A), and divide
that sum by the sum of units of average daily attendance for the
fiscal year two years before the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective for all affected districts.
   (C) Increase the amount determined in subparagraph (B) by the
percentage calculated pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of
Section 42238.02 for the fiscal year immediately preceding the
fiscal year in which reorganization is to become effective.
   (2) If the reorganization took place after December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective by the amount computed pursuant to subdivision
(b) of Section 42287 for the fiscal year immediately preceding the
fiscal year in which the reorganization is to become effective.
   (B) Add the products determined in subparagraph (A), and divide
that sum by the sum of units of average daily attendance for the
fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective for all affected districts.
   (3) (A) For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), average daily
attendance shall be the funded average daily attendance as of the
second principal apportionment.
   (B) If the reorganization includes a divided district, both of the
following shall apply:
   (i) For purposes of paragraph (1), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district.
   (ii) For purposes of paragraph (2), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district in the first year the
reorganization becomes effective. If no average daily attendance of
the divided district is estimated to be served in the first year of
the reorganization, the divided district's funding shall not be
included in the blending calculation pursuant to paragraph (2) of
subdivision (i) of Section 42238.02.
   (C) For purposes of paragraph (1) or (2), if the reorganization
includes a former district that has been wholly included in more than
one new or acquiring district, the average daily attendance shall be
the average daily attendance reported pursuant to subdivision (c) of
Section 35735.
   (b) For a new district formed as a result of deunification
pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 35511, the
funding amount per unit of average daily attendance shall be equal to
the amount calculated for the original district for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective. 
   SEC. 16.    Section 35735.9 is added to the 
 Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.9.  (a) For a new district or acquiring district that has
reorganized pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a)
of Section 35511 or subdivision (b) of Section 35511, the funding
amount per unit of average daily attendance pursuant to Sections
42289 to 42289.5, inclusive, for purposes of determining funding
pursuant to subparagraph (D) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of
Section 42283.03, shall be calculated as follows:
   (1) If the reorganization took place before December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year two
years before the fiscal year in which the reorganization is to become
effective by the amount per unit of average daily attendance that
corresponds to the 2012-13 fiscal year funding amounts pursuant to
Sections 42289 to 42289.5, inclusive, and Section 42238.146, as that
section read on June 15, 2015.
   (B) Add the products determined in subparagraph (A), and divide
that sum by the sum of units of average daily attendance for the
fiscal year two years before the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective for all affected districts.
   (2) If the reorganization took place after December 31, 2013, for
each affected district:
   (A) Multiply the average daily attendance for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective by the amount per unit of average daily
attendance that corresponds to the 2012-13 fiscal year funding
amounts pursuant to Sections 42289 to 42289.5, inclusive, and Section
42238.146, as that section read on June 15, 2015.
   (B) Add the products determined in subparagraph (A), and divide
that sum by the sum of units of average daily attendance for the
fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective for all affected districts.
   (3) (A) For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), average daily
attendance shall be the funded average daily attendance as of the
second principal apportionment.
   (B) If the reorganization includes a divided district, the
following shall apply:
   (i) For purposes of paragraph (1), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district.
   (ii) For purposes of paragraph (2), the average daily attendance
shall be estimated by the county office of education and reported to
the department based on the units of average daily attendance to be
served by the reorganized district in the first fiscal year the
reorganization becomes effective. If no average daily attendance of
the divided district is estimated to be served in the first fiscal
year of the reorganization, the divided district's funding shall not
be included in the blending calculation pursuant to subparagraph (D)
of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 42238.03.
   (C) For purposes of paragraph (1) or (2), if the reorganization
includes a former district that has been wholly included in more than
one new or acquiring district, the average daily attendance shall be
the average daily attendance reported pursuant to subdivision (c) of
Section 35735.
   (b) For a new district formed as a result of deunification
pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 35511, the
funding amount per unit of average daily attendance shall be equal to
the amount calculated for the original district for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the reorganization is
to become effective. 
   SEC. 17.    Section 35735.10 is added to the 
 Education Code   , to read:  
   35735.10.  For the purpose of determining funding pursuant to
subparagraph (D) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section
42238.03, the following shall apply to districts affected by
reorganization pursuant to Section 35511 or lapsation pursuant to
Section 35780.1:
   (a) A new district shall receive the same amount of the 2012-13
fiscal year funding allowance provided for qualifying necessary small
elementary schools and necessary small high schools received by each
former district in the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal
year in which the reorganization is to become effective if the former
district has been wholly included in the new district.
   (b) An acquiring district shall retain the same amount as the
2012-13 fiscal year funding allowance provided for its qualifying
necessary small elementary schools and necessary small high schools
in the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective and any such allowance
provided to a former district if the former district has been wholly
included in the acquiring district.
   (c) A divided district shall retain the same amount of the 2012-13
fiscal year funding allowance provided for its qualifying necessary
small elementary schools and necessary small high schools in the
fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the
reorganization is to become effective.
   (d) If the reorganization includes a former district that has been
wholly included in more than one new or acquiring district, the
necessary small school allowance for minimum state aid shall be
determined pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 35735. 

  SECTION 1.    The Legislature finds and declares
all of the following:
   (a) Section 51220 of the Education Code states that the adopted
course of study for grades 7 to 12, inclusive, shall offer courses in
the following areas of study:
   (1) Applied arts, including instruction in the areas of consumer
and homemaking education, industrial arts, general business
education, or general agriculture.
   (2) Career technical education designed and conducted for the
purpose of preparing youth for gainful employment in the occupations
and in the numbers that are appropriate to the personnel needs of the
state and the community served and relevant to the career desires
and needs of the pupils.
   (b) Section 51224 of the Education Code states, "The governing
board of any school district maintaining a high school shall
prescribe courses of study designed to provide the skills and
knowledge required for adult life for pupils attending the schools
within its school district. The governing board shall prescribe
separate courses of study, including, but not limited to, a course of
study designed to prepare prospective pupils for admission to state
colleges and universities and a course of study for career technical
training."
   (c) California has invested $500 million in Proposition 1D funding
for purposes of modernizing and building new career technical
education facilities for high school pupils.
   (d) California has invested $90 million in the purchase of new
career technical education equipment for high school pupils.
   (e) California has invested $500 million in the California Career
Pathways Trust for the development of robust career pathways aligned
with regional economies.
   (f) California needs to satisfy maintenance of effort requirements
to continue to receive funds pursuant to the federal Carl D. Perkins
Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C.
Sec. 2301 et seq.), for the improvement of career technical education
programs.
   (g) To help the state remain a competitive economy, California
high schools need to provide resources that promote career readiness
and 21st century career technical skills for pupils.
   (h) California needs to use limited resources more efficiently to
do a better job of preparing pupils for an economy that demands
workers to have strong academic and career knowledge and skills, to
be adaptable to change, and prepared for college and careers.
   (i) The rapid growth of California's population and the labor
force depends on attracting, supporting, and retaining businesses
that pay sustainable wages to highly skilled and qualified workers.
Therefore, improvement in the overall quality of California's
workforce is a vital component to the state's continued economic
development.
   (j) California needs to develop and sustain educational programs
that can provide youth with career readiness, organizational help in
their pursuit of career opportunities, leadership skills, networks of
support, and the academic and technical skills necessary to serve as
a foundation for successful careers.
   (k) The average high school graduation rate in the United States
for pupils concentrating in career technical education programs is
90.18 percent, compared to an average national freshman graduation
rate of 74.9 percent.
   (l) Eighty-one percent of high school dropouts in the United
States say relevant, real-world learning opportunities would have
kept them from dropping out of high school.
   (m) In the United States, more than 70 percent of secondary career
technical education concentrators pursued postsecondary education
shortly after graduating from high school.
   (n) According to the United States Census Bureau for the year
2010, 70 percent of pupils will not go on to receive a four-year
postsecondary education degree.
   (o) California's future of providing high-quality education and
training programs requires greater public-private collaboration and
cooperation.
   (p) California's policies and methods that provide elementary and
secondary education to prepare young people for lifelong learning,
higher educational opportunities, and high-skilled careers leading to
sustainable wages are major components to California's continued
economic growth.
   (q) California's continued economic development and growth is
critically linked to providing pupils with educational opportunities
that prepare those pupils for lifelong learning, higher education,
and high-skilled, high-wage careers.
   (r) Sustaining and developing a strong system for the delivery of
career technical education should be a top priority of California's
educational systems and must be addressed at the local, regional, and
state levels to establish a seamless system from career technical
education to employment.
   (s) California's career pathways system is a long-term investment
in developing human capital by supplying the demand for a highly
skilled and adaptable workforce. By successfully matching the skills
of the emerging workforce with the needs of California's growth
economies, high-quality career pathways will provide essential
components to ensure the state's competitive edge in the growing
global economy.
   (t) Career pathway programs are an educational approach that is
designed to improve academic rigor through relevant, real-world
experiences by integrating appropriate academic and essential career
technical education knowledge and skills focused around a career
pathway.
   (u) High-quality and coordinated career pathways provide a much
needed nexus between those preparing the future workforce and those
employing the future workforce. The collaboration of educators,
business, and labor fosters the use of contextual and applied
teaching strategies that provide opportunities for all pupils to gain
exposure to career-related coursework, workplace experiences,
internships, and jobsite mentoring.
   (v) A rigorous high-quality education curriculum encompasses a
range of subjects and grade levels. Incorporating career technical
education into that curriculum can strengthen pupils' understanding
of career opportunities, provide pupils with direction for education
beyond high school, and produce better informed citizens in the
state.  
  SEC. 2.    Article 8 (commencing with Section
52465) is added to Chapter 9 of Part 28 of Division 4 of Title 2 of
the Education Code, to read:

      Article 8.  Career and Job Skills Education Act


   52465.  This article shall be known, and may be cited, as the
Career and Job Skills Education Act.
   52466.  The Career and Job Skills Education Fund is hereby
established in the State Treasury. The moneys in the fund shall be
available to the Superintendent, upon appropriation by the
Legislature pursuant to Section 52471, for the implementation and
administration of this article.
   52467.  (a) The governing board of one or more school districts,
county offices of education, direct-funded charter schools, including
pursuant to subdivision (g) of Section 47605.1, or regional
occupational centers or programs operated by joint powers authorities
with the written consent from each participating local educational
agency, that operate any state-approved career
                         technical education sequence of courses may
apply to the Superintendent for a grant for the development and
enhancement of high-quality career technical education courses.
   (b) The Superintendent shall award grants to applicants that
contribute an amount of funds equal to the amount of the grant for
use in career technical education programs as defined by the
California State Plan for Career Technical Education and that satisfy
the requirements outlined in Section 52469.
   52469.  Each governing board of an applicant that receives a grant
or accepts other funds made available for purposes of this article
shall, in consultation with the county office of education, as
applicable, local workforce investment boards, and community colleges
serving the geographic area of the grant recipient, adopt a career
technical education program that includes all of the following
criteria:
   (a) The program shall provide a series of career technical
education courses aligned with the California Career Technical
Education Model Curriculum Standards adopted by the state board, and
offer a coherent sequence of career technical education courses
leading to specific competencies that will enable pupils to
transition to postsecondary education on a career pathway or attain
entry level employment in business or industry upon their graduation
from high school.
   (b) The program shall include plans, developed and implemented by
the grant recipient for articulation of career technical education
courses with community colleges or apprenticeship programs in the
geographic area of the grant recipient to continue the sequence of
career technical education courses through grades 13 and 14 and for
the acquisition of high-quality industry certifications, credentials,
and licenses.
   (c) The program shall include assessments of local business and
industry needs to ensure that the program provides pupils with the
competency, knowledge, and skills necessary to pursue employment
opportunities.
   (d) The program shall provide counseling and guidance services to
pupils to help them satisfy all of the requirements for high school
graduation and make informed career preparation choices. Counseling
and guidance services provided for purposes of this subdivision may
include counseling for pupils in grades 6 to 12, inclusive.
   (e) The program shall involve business and industry in cooperative
projects with schools in the geographic area of the grant recipient
to provide internships for pupils, externships for teachers, paid or
nonpaid work experience, job shadowing or mentoring opportunities,
instructors from business and industry, assistance with needs
assessments and program evaluations, and access to business and
industry employment placement services to help graduating pupils
obtain employment.
   (f) The program shall include a system for data collection to be
reported annually that shall comply with the requirements established
by the Superintendent in terms of all of the following:
   (1) Number of pupils enrolled in career technical education
courses.
   (2) Number of pupils completing high school.
   (3) Pupils earning industry recognized certifications,
credentials, or licenses as determined by a list approved by the
Superintendent, or who passed third-party career technical education
pathway specific assessments.
   (4) Pupils securing employment, particularly in jobs related to
the area of their career technical preparation in high school.
   (5) Pupils proceeding to advanced education or training at the
postsecondary educational level.
   (6) Pupils proceeding to advanced education or training at the
postsecondary educational level in the same career pathway as their
career technical preparation in high school.
   (7) Number and types of career technical courses offered and the
number of those courses that qualify as alternative means to complete
the prescribed course of study requirements as described in
subdivision (b) of Section 51225.3.
   52470.  The Superintendent shall do all of the following:
   (a) Develop a system of accountability, data collecting, and
reporting to ensure the goals of career technical education programs
are satisfied.
   (b) Develop data metrics that are aligned with the core metrics
required by the federal Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act,
common metrics adopted by the Office of the Chancellor of the
California Community Colleges, any career-ready standards adopted
pursuant to the federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act (20
U.S.C. Sec. 6301 et seq.), and the 11 quality indicators described in
the California State Plan for Career Technical Education.
   (c) Adopt and provide grant recipients with a list of approved
high-quality industry certifications and licenses and approved
third-party career technical education pathway assessments in each
career technical education pathway for use in program development.
   (d) Provide technical and professional assistance to all grant
award recipients.
   52471.  (a) To the extent that funds are appropriated in the
Budget Act of 2015, those funds shall be allocated to the
Superintendent, for deposit in the Career and Job Skills Education
Fund, for purposes of this article.
   (b) The department shall retain up to 2 percent of the total funds
apportioned to the grant recipient pursuant to this article, to
provide all of the following to that grant recipient for the purposes
of this article:
   (1) Technical assistance.
   (2) Professional development.
   (3) Accountability services and local monitoring.
   (c) An amount equal to 2 percent of the total funds appropriated
pursuant to this article shall be set aside and distributed
separately to applicants of rural school districts, as defined by the
state board, and regions with higher than average rates of high
school dropouts, as defined by the California Longitudinal Pupil
Achievement Data System.
   (d) Funds may be used by each grant recipient for purposes of this
article for any or all of the following purposes:
   (1) Matching pupils with work-based learning opportunities.
   (2) Using intermediaries as liaisons between educators,
businesses, parents, and community partners.
   (3) Providing technical assistance to help employers and educators
design comprehensive career technical education course sequences and
programs.
   (4) Providing technical assistance to help teachers integrate
academic, career technical education, and work-based learning
activities.
   (5) Encouraging active business involvement in a grant recipient's
work-based learning activities and providing teacher externships.
   (6) Assisting pupils in finding appropriate work, continuing
education or training, and linking pupils to other community
services.
   (7) Evaluating postcareer technical education program outcomes for
pupils to assess the success of those programs, particularly with
reference to special populations, as that term is defined in the
federal Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement
Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. Sec. 2301 et seq.).
   (8) Linking youth development activities with employer and
industry strategies to upgrade worker skills.
   (9) Funding career technical education pupil organizations and
activities.
   (10) Funding costs incurred through career technical education
program-related planning, development, validation, and
accountability.
   (11) Funding career technical education curriculum development and
alignment with postsecondary educational institutions.
   (12) Funding career technical education professional development,
including industry externships for teachers.
   (13) Funding career technical education instructional equipment
and material purchases.
   (14) Providing support in career technical education programs to
pupils of special populations, as that term is defined in the federal
Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of
2006 (20 U.S.C. Sec. 2301 et seq.).
   (15) Funding costs incurred through the expansion of career
technical education programs in effect as of January 1, 2016, or the
establishment of new career technical education programs or pathways,
including the cost of salaries for additional career technical
education staff. Salary expenditures for career technical education
staff shall be capped at 50 percent of the annual amount apportioned
to the grant recipient.
   52472.  (a) Notwithstanding any other law, funds allocated
pursuant to this article may be expended only to ensure the
development, enhancement, and improvement of high-quality career
technical education courses and programs pursuant to the quality
indicators described in the California State Plan for Career
Technical Education.
   (b) As a condition of receiving funds pursuant to this article,
each grant recipient shall do all of the following:
   (1) Develop a plan for establishing aligned course sequences for
its career technical education programs.
   (2) Certify to the department that each career technical education
pathway has been developed with input from an industry-based career
pathway advisory committee and includes a logical sequence of career
technical education courses pursuant to the California State Plan for
Career Technical Education.
   (3) Submit new or revised career technical education programs or
pathways to the department for approval no later than September 1 of
the fiscal year in which those changes are implemented pursuant to
requirements developed by the department, for purposes of determining
the annual funding award to the grant recipient.
   (4) Certify to the department that each course within a sequence
of career technical education courses is aligned with the California
Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standards, adopted by the
state board, for grades 7 to 12, inclusive.
   (5) Certify to the department that each course, where appropriate,
is aligned with the Common Core State Standards.
   (6) Certify to the department that each of its career technical
education teachers has the appropriate credential authorizing him or
her to teach his or her assigned career technical education course.
   (7) Except as provided in paragraph (15) of subdivision (f) of
Section 52471, certify to the department that no grant funds awarded
to the grant recipient pursuant to this article are used for staff
salaries, benefits, or both.
   (8) Collect and report data as required by the department and the
applicable local control and accountability plan.
   52473.  The Superintendent and the state board shall incorporate
appropriate metrics into state-adopted accountability measures to
determine career readiness of California's high school pupils. These
metrics shall be aligned with the federal Carl D. Perkins Career and
Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. Sec. 2301 et
seq.), California's Standards for Career Ready Practice, and the
quality indicators described in the California State Plan for Career
Technical Education.  
  SEC. 3.    It is the intent of the Legislature
that funds be appropriated from the General Fund, as necessary, to
the Superintendent, for deposit in the Career and Job Skills
Education Fund, for purposes of Article 8 (commencing with Section
52465) of Chapter 9 of Part 28 of Division 4 of Title 2 of the
Education Code, in the 2017-18 and 2018-19 fiscal years.